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Antioxidant Properties of Antrodia cinnamomea: An Extremely Rare and Coveted Medicinal Mushroom Endemic to Taiwan

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Medicinal Plants and Fungi: Recent Advances in Research and Development

Part of the book series: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World ((MAPW,volume 4))

Abstract

Antrodia cinnamomea is an extremely rare and endemic fungal species native to forested regions of Taiwan. In modern Taiwanese culture, A. cinnamomea is believed to be a valuable gift from the heaven. Thereby, it is claimed as the “National Treasure of Taiwan” and “Ruby” among mushrooms.” Traditionally, A. cinnamomea was used to prepare Chinese medicine for treating various illness including liver diseases, food and drug intoxication, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypertension, itchy skin, and tumorigenic diseases. Recent scientific studies strongly support that the pharmacological activities of A. cinnamomea go far beyond the original usage, as A. cinnamomea has exhibited various pharmacological properties including anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotection, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Till date, more than 400 scientific reports have been published on the therapeutic potential of A. cinnamomea, or its closely related species Antrodia salmonea, and their compounds. In the present review, the taxonomic description of A. cinnamomea, ethnomedical value, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects particularly antioxidant and Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective effects will be discussed.

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Abbreviations

AAPH:

2,2-Azobis(2-amidinopropane)dehydrochloride

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

ARE:

Antioxidant responsible element

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

GSH:

Glutathione

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase-1

IKK:

Iκ-B kinase

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Iκ-B:

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B

JNK:

c-JUN N-terminal kinase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-B

NO:

Nitric oxide

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor E2-related factor-2

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAPK:

Stress-activated protein kinase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

    K. J. Senthil Kumar & Sheng-Yang Wang

  2. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Sheng-Yang Wang

Authors
  1. K. J. Senthil Kumar
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  2. Sheng-Yang Wang
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Correspondence to Sheng-Yang Wang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Dinesh Chandra Agrawal

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Hsin-Sheng Tsay

  3. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Lie-Fen Shyur

  4. Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Yang-Chang Wu

  5. Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Sheng-Yang Wang

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Kumar, K.J.S., Wang, SY. (2017). Antioxidant Properties of Antrodia cinnamomea: An Extremely Rare and Coveted Medicinal Mushroom Endemic to Taiwan. In: Agrawal, D., Tsay, HS., Shyur, LF., Wu, YC., Wang, SY. (eds) Medicinal Plants and Fungi: Recent Advances in Research and Development. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5978-0_6

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