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Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Cryogels for Biomedical Applications

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Polymeric Cryogels

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 263))

Abstract

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer that can be crosslinked to form a hydrogel. When physically crosslinked using a freeze–thaw cycling process, the product hydrogel or cryogel (PVA-C) possesses unique mechanical properties that can be tuned to closely match those of soft tissues, thus making it an attractive candidate for biomedical and especially medical device applications. We review the freeze–thaw cycling process and processing parameters that impact on the properties of PVA-C and its nanocomposite products. Both the mechanical properties and diffusion properties relevant to biomedical application are discussed. Applications to orthopedic and cardiovascular devices are summarized and discussed. The concept of biomaterial–tissue hybrids that can impart the necessary hemocompatibility to PVA-C for cardiovascular device is introduced and demonstrated.

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Abbreviations

BC:

Bacterial cellulose

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DP:

Degree of polymerization

E′:

Young’s modulus

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

FT:

Freeze–thaw

FTC:

Freeze–thaw cycle

WIC:

Water insoluble chitosan

IVD:

Intervertebral disc

Nano-HA:

Nanohydroxyapatite

NP:

Nucleus pulposus

PAAm:

Poly(acrylamide)

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

PVA-C:

Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel

PVA-BC:

Poly(vinyl alcohol) bacterial cellulose composite

PVP:

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

RGD:

Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid

SANS:

Small-angle neutron scattering

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UHMWPE:

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

ULMP:

Unfrozen liquid microphase

WSC:

Water-soluble chitosan

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A5B9

    Wankei Wan, A. Dawn Bannerman, Lifang Yang & Helium Mak

  2. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A5B9

    Wankei Wan

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    Oguz Okay

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Wan, W., Bannerman, A.D., Yang, L., Mak, H. (2014). Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Cryogels for Biomedical Applications. In: Okay, O. (eds) Polymeric Cryogels. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 263. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05846-7_8

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