Abstract
Breathing motion leads to a significant displacement and deformation of organs in the abdominal region. This makes the detection of the breathing phase for numerous applications necessary. We propose a new, purely image-based respiratory gating method for ultrasound. Further, we use this technique to provide a solution for breathing affected 4D ultrasound acquisitions with a wobbler probe. We achieve the gating with Laplacian eigenmaps, a manifold learning technique, to determine the low-dimensional manifold embedded in the high-dimensional image space. Since Laplacian eigenmaps assign each ultrasound frame a coordinate in low-dimensional space by respecting the neighborhood relationship, they are well suited for analyzing the breathing cycle. For the 4D application, we perform the manifold learning for each angle, and consecutively, align all the local curves and perform a curve fitting to achieve a globally consistent breathing signal. We performed the image-based gating on several 2D and 3D ultrasound datasets over time, and quantified its very good performance by comparing it to measurements from an external gating system.
This work was partly funded by the European Commission. We want to thank Athanasios Karamalis and Oliver Kutter for discussions.
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Wachinger, C., Yigitsoy, M., Navab, N. (2010). Manifold Learning for Image-Based Breathing Gating with Application to 4D Ultrasound. In: Jiang, T., Navab, N., Pluim, J.P.W., Viergever, M.A. (eds) Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2010. MICCAI 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6362. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15745-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15745-5_4
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