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Protein stability and degradation in plastids

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Cell and Molecular Biology of Plastids

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 19))

Abstract

Steady-state levels of chloroplast proteins rely on the balance between synthesis and degradationrates. Thus, the importance of protein-degradation processes in shaping the chloroplast proteome,and hence proper organellar functioning, cannot be overestimated. Chloroplast proteases and peptidasesparticipate in chloroplast biogenesis through maturation or activation of pre-proteins, adaptationto changing environmental conditions through degradation of certain proteins, and maintenance of proteinquality through degradation of unassembled or damaged proteins. These activities are mediated byATP-dependent and -independent proteases, many of which are encoded by multigene families. Newlyimported proteins are processed by stroma- and thylakoid-localized peptidases that remove signal sequences,which are then further degraded. The multisubunit ATP-dependent Clp and FtsH complexes degrade housekeepingand oxidatively damaged proteins in the stroma and thylakoid membranes, respectively. A numberof other chloroplast proteases have been identified, but their function and substrates are still unknown,as are the nature of degradation signals and determinants of protein instability. Future researchis expected to focus on these questions.

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  1. The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, 76100, Rehovot, Israel

    Zach Adam

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  1. Zach Adam
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Correspondence to Zach Adam .

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Ralph Bock

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Adam, Z. (2007). Protein stability and degradation in plastids. In: Bock, R. (eds) Cell and Molecular Biology of Plastids. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/4735_2007_0227

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