Abstract
A great variety of interactions between senses, and between motor production and senses, have been reported in previous research. In the present study, we tested whether the mechanics of a plucked string affected how the sound it produced was perceived. To test this hypothesis, we simulated the feel of a plucked string using a high fidelity haptic force-feedback device and simultaneously simulated its acoustic emission. This way, we could independently manipulate the two sensory inputs — how it felt and how it sounded — together with physical correct haptic interaction and with accurate synchronization. This arrangement makes it very plausible that the two sensory inputs came from a common source. We used a two-interval forced-choice discrimination procedure to determine the point of subjective equality of the loudness between a stiff and a soft plucked string. When the stiffness of the string was low, the sound was perceived to be softer. Interestingly, this effect was found only when the first string was less stiff than the second string plucked during a comparison. The results are consistent with the inverse effectiveness principle of multisensory integration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Repp, B.H.: Effects of auditory feedback deprivation on expressive piano performance. Music Perception 16, 409–438 (1999)
Pfordresher, P.Q., Palmer, C.: Effects of hearing the past, present, or future during music performance. Perception and Psychophysics 68, 362–376 (2006)
Drake, C., Penel, A., Bigand, E.: Tapping in time with mechanically and expressively performed music. Music Perception 18, 1–23 (2000)
Goebl, W., Palmer, C.: Tactile feedback and timing accuracy in piano performance. Experimental Brain Research 186, 471–479 (2008)
Palmer, C., Koopmans, E., Loehr, J.D., Carter, C.: Movement-related feedback and temporal accuracy in clarinet performance. Music Perception 26, 439–449 (2009)
Avanzini, F., Crosato, P.: Haptic-auditory rendering and perception of contact stiffness. In: McGookin, D., Brewster, S. (eds.) HAID 2006. LNCS, vol. 4129, pp. 24–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Soto-Faraco, S., Deco, G.: Multisensory contributions to the perception of vibrotactile events. Behavioural Brain Research 196, 145–154 (2009)
Guest, S., Catmur, C., Lloyd, D., Spence, C.: Audiotactile interactions in roughness perception. Experimental Brain Research 146(2), 161–171 (2002)
Fletcher, H., Blackham, E.D., Stratton, R.: Quality of piano tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34(6), 749–761 (1962)
Järvelälinen, H., Välimäki, V., Karjalainen, M.: Audibility of inharmonicity in string instrument sounds, and implications to digital sound synthesis. In: Proc. Int. Computer Music Conf., Beijing, China, pp. 359–362 (1999)
Marshall, M., Wanderley, M.: Vibrotactile feedback in digital musical instruments, Internat. In: Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2006), pp. 226–229 (2006)
Kinoshita, H., Furuya, S., Aoki, T., Altenmüller, E.: Loudness control in pianists as exemplified in keystroke force measurements on different touches. Journal of Acoustical Society of America 121, 2959–2969 (2007)
Okazaki, R., Kajimoto, H., Hayward, V.: Vibrotactile Stimulation Can Affect Auditory Loudness: A Pilot Study. In: Isokoski, P., Springare, J. (eds.) EuroHaptics 2012, Part II. LNCS, vol. 7283, pp. 103–108. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Merchel, S., Leppin, A., Altinsoy, E.: Hearing with your body: the influence of whole-body vibrations on loudness perception. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV16), Kraków, Poland, July 5-9 (2009)
Gillmeister, H., Eimer, M.: Tactile enhancement of auditory detection and perceived loudness. Brain Research 1160, 58–68 (2007)
Schürmann, M., Caetano, G., Jousmäki, V., Hari, R.: Hands help hearing: facilitatory audiotactile interaction at low sound-intensity levels. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115(2), 830–832 (2004)
Frissen, I., Ziat, M., Campion, G., Hayward, V., Guastavino, C.: The effects of voluntary movements on auditory-haptic and haptic-haptic temporal order judgments. Acta Psychologica 141, 140–148 (2012)
Vitello, M.P., Ernst, M.O., Fritschi, M.: An instance of tactile suppression: Active exploration impairs tactile sensitivity for the direction of lateral movement. In: Proceeding of Eurohaptics, Paris, July 3-6, pp. 351–355 (2006)
Kitagawa, N., Kato, M., Kashino, M.: Assessing the effect of voluntary action on sensitivity to temporal asynchrony between auditory and somatosensory events. In: 10th International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF), New York, June 29 - July 2 (2009)
Campion, G., Wang, Q., Hayward, V.: The Pantograph mk-II: A haptic instrument. In: Proceedings of the Internat. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems 2005, pp. 723–728 (2005)
Karplus, K., Strong, A.: Digital Synthesis of Plucked String and Drum Timbres. Computer Music Journal 7(2), 43–55 (1983)
Wichmann, F.A., Hill, N.J.: The psychometric function: I. Fitting, sampling, and goodness of fit. Perception & Psychophysics 63, 1293–1313 (2001)
Fox, J., Weisberg, S., An, R.: An R companion to applied regression, 2nd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (2011)
Stein, B.E., Meredith, M.A.: The merging of the senses. MIT Press, Cambridge (1993)
Coren, S., Ward, L.M., Enns, J.T.: Sensation and perception. Harcourt Brace, Fort Worth (1999)
Odgaard, E.C., Arieh, Y., Marks, L.E.: Cross-modal enhancement of perceived brightness: Sensory interaction versus response bias. Perception & Psychophysics 65(1), 123–132 (2003)
Hairston, I.S., Nagarajan, S.S.: Neural mechanisms of the time-order error: An MEG study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, 1163–1174 (2007)
Zatorre, R.J., Chen, J.L., Penhune, V.B.: When the brain plays music: auditory-motor interactions in music perception and production. Nat. Rev. Neuroscience, 547–558 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ziat, M., Frissen, I., Campion, G., Hayward, V., Guastavino, C. (2013). Plucked String Stiffness Affects Loudness Perception. In: Oakley, I., Brewster, S. (eds) Haptic and Audio Interaction Design. HAID 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7989. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41068-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41068-0_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-41067-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-41068-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)