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Influence of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Compression Ratio on the Performance Parameters of Diesel Engine Using Tamarind Biodiesel: an Experimental and ANN Analysis

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Abstract

This study investigates the effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and compression ratio on the performance, combustion, and emission parameters of a diesel engine using a tamarind biodiesel blend (B20). Tamarind biodiesel was produced through transesterification of tamarind seed oil, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were blended into the biodiesel using a probe-type ultrasonicator. Experiments were conducted with B20 blends containing 50 and 100 ppm Fe3O4 nanoparticles at compression ratios (CRs) of 16, 17.5, and 19. The results show that at compression ratios of 19 and 100 ppm Fe3O4, the engine performance was significantly improved, achieving a 6.4% increase in brake thermal efficiency and a 6.02% reduction in specific fuel consumption compared to CR 16. Emissions analysis revealed a 53.64% reduction in carbon monoxide emissions and a 10% reduction in hydrocarbon emissions, with NOx emissions showing a slight increase of 39.02%. This combination also achieved the highest cylinder pressure (73.08 bar), and heat release rate of 44.72 J/°CA. Additionally, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict engine performance and emissions, achieving high accuracy with R values between 0.99951 and 0.99998, and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) ranging from 0.346 to 3.339%. This study highlights the potential of Fe3O4 nanoparticle additives in enhancing VCR diesel engine performance and demonstrates the effectiveness of ANN modeling in optimizing the engine parameters.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

VCR:

Variable compression ratio

CR:

Compression ratio

SFC:

Specific fuel consumption

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

HC:

Hydrocarbons

CO:

Carbon monoxide

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

CeO2 :

Cerium oxide

HRR:

Heat release rate

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

SCG:

Scale Conjugate Gradient

RP:

Resilient Backpropagation

MAPE:

Mean absolute percentage error

B20:

80% Diesel + 20% tamarind seed biodiesel

B20N50:

B20 + 50 ppm of Fe3O4

B20N100:

B20 + 100 ppm of Fe3O4

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CuO:

Copper oxide

TiO2 :

Titanium oxide

CI:

Compression ignition

ANN:

Artificial neural network

LM:

Levenberg-Marquardt

RMSE:

Root mean square error

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India

    M. Srinivasarao & A. Swarna Kumari

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KHIT, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Ch. Srinivasarao

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  1. M. Srinivasarao
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the literature search, conceptualization, and methodology; investigation and data analysis: M. Srinivasarao; writing—original draft preparation: Ch. Srinivasarao; writing—reviewing and editing: A. Swarna Kumari; supervision.

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Correspondence to M. Srinivasarao.

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Srinivasarao, M., Srinivasarao, C. & Kumari, A.S. Influence of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Compression Ratio on the Performance Parameters of Diesel Engine Using Tamarind Biodiesel: an Experimental and ANN Analysis. Emiss. Control Sci. Technol. 11, 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-024-00255-2

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