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Hydroxycinnamic acids in sunflower leaves serve as UV-A screening pigments

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Abstract

Flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, which are located in the upper epidermis of plants, are well known to screen ultraviolet radiation, thus protecting the underlying tissue from these harmful wavelengths. Both classes of secondary products complement each other over the UV spectral region according to their absorption spectra: flavonoids are most efficient as UV-A attenuators while hydroxycinnamates (HCAs) screen well within the UV-B region. Analysis of epidermal transmittance revealed a substantial UV-A screen in Helianthus annuus L. cv. Peredovick. Identifying responsible pigments by HPLC-MS, we found surprisingly low amounts of flavonoids but dominant abundance of the HCA derivatives chlorogenic and di-caffeoyl quinic acid. Both display low UV-A absorbance and thus, should contribute only a little to UV-A protection. However, growth at high light led to a decrease of epidermal transmittance at 366 nm of up to 90%. Underpinning the screening role, HCA autofluorescence microscopy revealed storage to occur predominantly in vacuoles of the upper epidermis. UV-A treatment in the absence of D1-repair resulted in photosystem II inactivation proportional to epidermal UV-A transmittance. Our findings suggest that UV-A protection can be achieved solely with HCAs, apparently through accumulation of high amounts of these compounds.

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Author notes

  1. Roderich Roemhild

    Present address: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecophysiology of Plants, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, 24118, Germany

    Jana Stelzner & Wolfgang Bilger

  2. Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, 24118, Germany

    Roderich Roemhild

  3. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany

    Adriana Garibay-Hernández & Hans-Peter Mock

  4. Department of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, 24118, Germany

    Britta Harbaum-Piayda

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  1. Jana Stelzner
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Correspondence to Jana Stelzner.

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Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00440d

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Stelzner, J., Roemhild, R., Garibay-Hernández, A. et al. Hydroxycinnamic acids in sunflower leaves serve as UV-A screening pigments. Photochem Photobiol Sci 18, 1649–1659 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00440d

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