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The Fossil Record of Chalicotheres (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Chalicotheriidae) in Greece

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Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2

Abstract

Chalicotheres (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Chalicotheriidae) are relatively rare in the fossil record, but represent an important group of extinct three-toed perissodactyls. In Greece they are represented by three genera (Ancylotherium, Chalicotherium, and Anisodon) and four species (Ancylotherium hellenicum, Ancylotherium pentelicum, Chalicotherium goldfussi, and Anisodon macedonicus). They have been found in at least 14 localities, including some of the best known localities in Greece (Pikermi, Samos, Axios valley), all of Late Miocene age. The group is represented by skulls, mandibles, teeth, and postcranial bones. The most complete skull of Ancylotherium ever reported was excavated in Thermopigi (Serres, Macedonia, Greece) and shows a remarkable feature: the inflation of the frontal  bone.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Prof. Emer. GD Koufos for kindly providing the photograph of Anisodon macedonicus from Dytiko 3. Sincerest thanks to Emer. Professor M. Coombs for the useful comments that greatly helped to improve this manuscript, as well as to the anonymous reviewer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Geology and Paleontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Evangelia Tsoukala

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  1. Evangelia Tsoukala
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Correspondence to Evangelia Tsoukala .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Museo Paleontólogico Egidio Feruglio, CONICET, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina

    Evangelos Vlachos

Appendix

Appendix

List of the Greek localities containing chalicothere fossils . Type localities are marked with bold. Locality numbers refer to the collection numbers of the PaleoBiology Database (PBDB)

LocalitiesPBDB No

Age (MN; GPTS in Ma)

Taxon

Dytiko 332376

Late Turolian (MN13)

Anisodon macedonicus1

Chomateri195562

Middle Turolian (MN12)

Chalicotherium goldfussi2,3

Thermopigi73553

Middle Turolian (MN12)

Ancylotherium pentelicum5

Kerassia 1195432

Middle Turolian (MN12)

Ancylotherium sp.5

Kerassia 4195435

Middle Turolian (MN12)

Ancylotherium sp.5

Mytilinii 1A202215

Middle Turolian (MN12; ~7.1)

Ancylotherium pentelicum6

Mytilinii 1B202216

Middle Turolian (MN12; ~7.1)

Ancylotherium pentelicum6

Mytilinii 3202218

Middle Turolian (MN12; ~7.3)

Ancylotherium pentelicum6

Samos Q1/QA95691

Middle Turolian (MN12; 7.3–7.1)

Ancylotherium pentelicum7,16

Vathylakkos 3182750

Middle Turolian (MN12; ~7.3)

Anisodon macedonicus8–9

Pikermi182754

Middle Turolian (MN12; 7.3–7.1)

Ancylotherium pentelicum10–12

Chalicotherium goldfussi13

Prochoma 1202222

Middle Turolian (MN12; ~7.4)

Anisodon macedonicus9

Halmyropotamos202213

?Middle Turolian (MN12?)

Ancylotherium pentelicum14–15

Pentalophos 1202119

Early Vallesian (MN9)

Ancylotherium hellenicum 9

  1. GPTS Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale
  2. 1de Bonis et al. (1995), 2Symeonidis and Zapfe (1973), 3Symeonidis (1973), 4Geraads et al. (2007), 5Theodorou et al. (2003), 6Giaourtsakis and Koufos (2009), 7Coombs (2013), 8Arambourg and Piveteau (1929), 9Koufos (2012), 10Gaudry (1863), 11Thenius (1953), 12Roussiakis and Theodorou (2001), 13Butler (1965), 14Melentis (1969a), 15Melentis (1969b), 16Solounias (1981)

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Tsoukala, E. (2022). The Fossil Record of Chalicotheres (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Chalicotheriidae) in Greece. In: Vlachos, E. (eds) Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68442-6_15

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