[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Moisture Sources and Transport Paths during the Summer Heavy Rainfall Events in the Three-River-Headwater Region of the Tibetan Plateau

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The moisture sources, transport paths and the quantitative moisture contribution of each source region and path of the South-West, West, North-East and South-East heavy rainfall types in the Three-River-Headwater region (TRHR) of Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer are tracked, calculated and compared using the FLEXPART model. The results show that: the southern TP and the local target region of TRHR contribute the most moisture to the four types of precipitation. In addition, the northern TP is the third predominant moisture source region to the South-West and West rainfall types, which are distributed in the west of TRHR. Nevertheless, the third critical source region of the North-East and South-East rainfall types, which occur in the east of TRHR, is the eastern areas outside the TP. Four kinds of rainfall events have four identical moisture transport paths: Southern short-distance path, Southern long-distance path, Southwest path and Northwest path. The Southern short-distance path contributes the most moisture to the South-West (24.2%), West (19.8%) and South-East (15.9%) rainfall types, the second most moisture of which respectively comes from the Northwest path, Southwest path and Southeast path. In addition, the Southern short-distance path and Southwest path are the most active moisture transport channels of the three types of precipitation (more moisture trajectories are transported through these two paths). The moisture of North-East rainfall type is primarily contributed by the East path (26.0%) and the Northwest path (18.2%), and the most active moisture transport channels are the East path (21.9%) and the Southern long-distance path (19.9%).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Cai, S.X., Huang, A.N., Zhu, K.F., Yang, B., Mu, X.Y.: Diurnal cycle of summer precipitation over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions simulated in a convection-permitting model. Clim. Dyn. 57, 611–632 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B., Xu, X.D., Yang, S., Zhang, W.: On the origin and destination of atmospheric moisture and air mass over the Tibetan Plateau. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 110(3), 423–435 (2012) 

  • Curio, J., Maussion, F., Scherer, D.: A 12-year high-resolution climatology of atmospheric water transport over the Tibetan plateau. Earth Sys. Dyn. 6(1), 109–124 (2015)

  • Dorling, S.R., Davies, T.D., Pierce, C.E.: Cluster analysis: a technique for estimating the synoptic meteorological controls on air and precipitation chemistry—results from Eskdalemuir, South Scotland. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 2583–2602 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Draxler, R., Hess, G.: An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modelling system for trajectories, dispersion, and deposition. Aust. Meteorol. Mag. 47, 295–308 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, L., Zhou, T.J.: Water vapor transport for summer precipitation over the Tibetan plateau: multidata set analysis. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 117, D20114 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd017012

  • Huang, Y.J., Cui, X.P.: Moisture sources of torrential rainfall events in the Sichuan Basin of China during summers of 2009-13. J. Hydrometeorol. 16(4), 1906–1917 (2015a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Y.J., Cui, X.P.: Moisture sources of an extreme precipitation event in Sichuan, China, based on the Lagrangian method. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 16(2), 177–183 (2015b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ji, X.L., Wu, H.M., Huang, A.N., Zhao, W., Wu, Y.: Characteristics of the precipitation diurnal variation over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in summer. Plateau Meteorol. 36(5), 1188–1200 (2017)

  • Li, J.: Hourly station‐based precipitation characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau. Int. J. Climatol. 38(3), 1560–1570 (2018)

  • Li, S.C., Li, D.L., Zhao, P., Zhang, G.Q.: The climatic characteristics of vapor transportation in rainy season of the origin area of three rivers in Qinhai-Xizang plateau. Acta Meteorol. Sin. 67(4), 591–598 (2009)

  • Li, Y., Su, F.G., Chen, D.L., Tang, Q.H.: Atmospheric water transport to the endorheic Tibetan Plateau and its effect on the hydrological status in the region. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 124(23), 12864–12881 (2019)

  • Liu, X.M., Zhang, M.J., Wang, S.J., Wang, J., Zhao, P.P., Zhou, P.P.: Assessment of diurnal variation of summer precipitation over the Qilian Mountains. J. Geogr. Sci. 27(3), 326–336 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, T.T., Cui, X.P.: Observational Comparison of Two torrential rainfall events in Beijing. Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 46(1), 111−132 (2022) (in Chinese)

  • Mai, Z., Fu, S.M., Sun, J.H., Hu, L., Wang, X.M.: Key statistical characteristics of the mesoscale convective systems generated over the Tibetan Plateau and their relationship to precipitation and southwest vortices. Int. J. Climatol. 41(Suppl. 1), E875–E896 (2020a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mai, Z., Fu, S.M., Sun, J.H.: Statistical feature of two types of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) generated over the eastern Tibetan Plateau during 16 consecutive warm seasons. Climatic. Environ. Res. 25(4), 385–398 (2020b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, C., Zhu, B., Gao, J.H., Kang, H.Q., Zhu, T.: Quantitative identification of moisture sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the relationship between thermal forcing and moisture transport. Clim. Dyn. 52, 181–196 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quan, C., Chen, B., Zhao, T.L., Zhou, B.R., Han, Y.X.: Application of Lagrange water vapor source diagnosis method to three-river source area. J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci. 27(6), 688–697 (2016)

  • Shen, Y., Pan, Y., Yu, J.J., Zhao, P., Zhou, Z.J.: Quality assessment of hourly merged precipitation product over China. Trans. Atmos. Sci. 36(1), 37–46 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds, I., Bi, D., Hope, P.: Atmospheric water vapor flux and its association with rainfall over China in summer. J. Clim. 12, 1353–1367 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sodemann, H., Schwierz, C., Wernli, H.: Interannual variability of Greenland winter precipitation sources: Lagrangian moisture diagnostic and North Atlantic oscillation. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 113, D03107 (2008)

  • Stohl, A.: Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories a review and bibliography. Atmos. Environ. 32, 947–966 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stohl, A., James, P.: A Lagrangian analysis of the atmospheric branch of the global water cycle. Part I: method description, validation, and demonstration for the august 2002 flooding in Central Europe. J. Hydrometeorol. 5, 656–678 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stohl, A., James, P.: A Lagrangian analysis of the atmospheric branch of the global water cycle. Part II: moisture transports between Earth’s ocean basins and river catchments. J. Hydrometeorol. 6, 961–984 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stohl, A., Forster, C., Sodemann, H.: Remote sources of water vapor forming precipitation on the Norwegian west coast at 608N—A tale of hurricanes and an atmospheric river. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 113, D05102 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009006

  • Sun, B., Wang, H.J.: Moisture sources of semiarid grassland in China using the Lagrangian particle model FLEXPART. J. Clim. 27(6), 2457–2474 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, J., Guo, X.L., Chang, Y.: Cloud microphysics and regional water budget of a summer precipitation process at Naqu over the Tibetan plateau. Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. (in Chinese). 42(6), 1327–1343 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Q.H., Liu, Y.B., Zhang, C.: Research progress on moisture source change of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. Trans. Atmos. Sci. 43(6), 1002–1009 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenberth, K.E.: Atmospheric moisture residence times and cycling: implications for rainfall rates and climate change. Clim. Chang. 39, 667–694 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trenberth, K.E.: Atmospheric moisture recycling: role of advection and local evaporation. J. Clim. 12, 1368–1381 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.Q., Duan, A.M., Yang, S., Ullah, K.: Atmospheric moisture budget and its regulation on the variability of summer precipitation over the Tibetan plateau. J. Geophys. Res. 122, 614–630 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M.Y., Wang, L., Li, X.H., Wang, C.Y., Wang, X.Y.: Study on water vapor transport source and path of rainstorm in Sanjiangyuan area. Plateau Meteorol. 41(1), 68–78 (2022)

  • Xu, X.D., Zhao, T.L.: An important mechanism sustaining the atmospheric “water tower” over the Tibetan plateau. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14(12), 11287–11295 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W.G., Chen, B., Hu, Z.B., An, S.Q., Xu, Z., Zhao, Y.J., Cui, J., Xu, Q.: Using stable isotopes to determine the water sources in alpine ecosystems on the East Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. China. Hydrol. Process. 24(22), 3270–3280 (2010)

  • Zhang, X., Yao, X., Ma, J.L., Mima, Z.G.: Climatology of transverse shear lines related to heavy rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau during boreal summer. J. Meteorol. Res. 30, 915–926 (2016)

  • Zhang, C., Tang, Q.H., Chen, D.: Recent changes in the moisture source of precipitation over the Tibetan plateau. J. Clim. 30(5), 1807–1819 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Huang, W.Y., Zhong, D.Y.: Major moisture pathways and their importance to rainy season precipitation over the Sanjiangyuan region of the Tibetan plateau. J. Clim. 32(20), 6837–6857 (2019a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Li, T.J., Li, J.Y., Zhong, D.Y.: Influence of the westerlies and the South Asia monsoon on water vapor transport and precipitation in the Three-River headwaters region during the rainy season. Adv. Water Sci. 30(3), 348–358 (2019b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, R.Y., Chen, B., Zhang, W., Yang, S., Xu, X.D.: Moisture source anomalies connected to flood-drought changes over the three-rivers headwater region of Tibetan Plateau. Int. J. Climatol. 43(12), 5303–5316 (2023)

  • Zhao, L., Wang, S. S. Y., Wu, C. H., Los, S., Lyu, S. H., Meng, X. H., Wen, L. J., Luo, S. Q., Ao, Y. H., Li, Z. G.: Association of diurnal rainfall in northeastern Tibetan Plateau with the retreat of the south Asian high. Atmosphere. 11(1), (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010105

  • Zhao, R.Y., Chen, B., Xu, X.D.: Intensified moisture sources of heavy precipitation events contributed to interannual trend in precipitation over the Three-Rivers-Headwater region in China. Front. Earth Sci. 9, 674037 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.674037

  • Zhou, W.F., Zhang, G.Q., Xiao, H.B., Zhang, J.K.: Statistic analyses on convective cloud in source regions of Yellow River, Changjiang and Lancangjiang in rainy season of 2005. Plateau Meteorol. 27(3), 695–700 (2008)

  • Zhu, L., Liu, J., Zhu, A.X., Sheng, M., Duan, Z.: Spatial distribution of diurnal rainfall variation in summer over China. J. Hydrometeorol. 53(4), 928–934 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, L., Liu, R., Wang, X., Wang, Z.L., Wen, J., Zhao, Y., Xie, Y., Zhang, T.T.: The characteristics of the water vapor transport and associated sources under abnormal precipitation conditions in the source region of the Yellow River using FLEXPART. Plateau Meteorol. 38(3), 484–496 (2019)

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Plans of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFC1510304, 2016YFE0201900-02), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41575037).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory (CPML), CMA Weather Modification Centre (WMC), Beijing, China

    Shujing Shen

  2. Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China

    Hui Xiao, Huiling Yang, Danhong Fu & Weixi Shu

  3. School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China

    Hui Xiao, Huiling Yang, Danhong Fu & Weixi Shu

Authors
  1. Shujing Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hui Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huiling Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Danhong Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Weixi Shu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hui Xiao.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shen, S., Xiao, H., Yang, H. et al. Moisture Sources and Transport Paths during the Summer Heavy Rainfall Events in the Three-River-Headwater Region of the Tibetan Plateau. Asia-Pac J Atmos Sci 60, 365–384 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-024-00355-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-024-00355-7

Keywords