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Development of a new direct AND (D-AND) detection technique for SAC-OCDMA systems using flexible double weight (FDW) code

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Abstract

This paper investigates the performance of the Spectral Amplitude Coding (SAC) Optical Code Division Multiple-Access (OCDMA) system utilizing the Flexible Double Weight (FDW) code and a newly developed detection technique, the Direct AND (D-AND) detection technique. The newly proposed Direct AND (D-AND) technique comprises three decoder components: a primary decoder, a subtractive decoder (S-decoder), and an addition decoder (A-decoder). The numerous noises investigated in the theoretical research included phase-induced intensity noise, shot noise, thermal noise, and multiple-access interference effects. Bit Error Rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were used to gauge the system’s performance. The Detection (DD) and Single-Photodiode Detection (SPD) results were compared to those of the study of the new detection technique. The newly developed detection technique, which was tested using the FDW code, can support more active users and improve system performance when compared to SPD and DD approaches. The simulation experiment demonstrates that the system’s BER performance with the new detection technique is much better than with the earlier techniques. The new detection technique outperforms the previous technique, supporting 284 concurrent users compared to DD 172 concurrent users and SPD 116 concurrent users at a 10 Gbps bit rate.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been carried out under LRGS Grant LRGS/1/2020 /UM/01/5/4 (9012-00010) Integration of Optical Code Division Multiple Access utilizing Quantum Key Distribution for Secure Quantum Communication Network provided by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (MOHE).

Funding

The author would like to acknowledge the support from the Long Term Research Grant Project under a Grant Number of LRGS /1/2020/UM/01/5/4 from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Excellence Advanced Communication Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, No 15 & 17, Jalan Tiga, Pengkalan Jaya Business Centre, Kangar, 01000, Perlis, Malaysia

    Syed Mohammad Ammar, Norshamsuri Ali, Muhammad Amirul Anuar, Syed Alwee Aljunid, Rosdisham Endut & Herman Isa

  2. Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Alam UniMAP, Pauh Putra, Arau, 02600, Perlis, Malaysia

    Syed Mohammad Ammar, Norshamsuri Ali, Muhammad Amirul Anuar, Syed Alwee Aljunid, Rosdisham Endut & Herman Isa

  3. Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia

    Mohamad Naufal Saad

  4. MIMOS Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia

    Herman Isa

  5. Faculty of Engineering, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, 11121, Sudan

    Ahmed. M. Alhassan

  6. Institute of Engineering Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, 02600, Perlis, Malaysia

    Nursalasawati Rusli

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  1. Syed Mohammad Ammar
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  2. Norshamsuri Ali
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  3. Muhammad Amirul Anuar
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  4. Mohamad Naufal Saad
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  5. Syed Alwee Aljunid
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  7. Herman Isa
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  8. Ahmed. M. Alhassan
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Correspondence to Syed Mohammad Ammar.

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Ammar, S.M., Ali, N., Anuar, M.A. et al. Development of a new direct AND (D-AND) detection technique for SAC-OCDMA systems using flexible double weight (FDW) code. Opt Quant Electron 56, 711 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06397-5

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