Abstract
Although learning indicators are now properly studied and published, it is still very difficult to manage them freely within most distance learning platforms. As all activity indicators need to collect and analyze properly traces of the learning activity, we propose to use these traces as a starting point for a platform independent Trace Based-Indicator Management System (TB-IMS). This approach allows learning indicators to be created and reused in such a way that there is no need to modify the computer code of the learning platform. This paper presents the underlying theory and how this theory is implemented in a first TB-IMS. This TB-IMS is illustrated through an actual learning situation based on a Moodle platform. This approach is compared with similar attempts to manage learning indicators properly and is available for use with any other learning platform, provided the TB-IMS can access the learning platform traces.
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Even if it can be considered that a "non interaction at a particular place and time" can be observed. In this case, the system constructs an event as an observation of a non interaction. This is a tricky point that is discussed in (Champalle et al. 2013).
Throughout the paper, we consider that the word "indicator" means: "a human learning indicator activity".
Moodle stands for: Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment.
This is not the case for the intermediate variables which can be used in the formula.
Empty means that the m-trace model is present but that there are no obsels in the instance part.
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Djouad, T., Mille, A. Observing and Understanding an On-Line Learning Activity: A Model-Based Approach for Activity Indicator Engineering. Tech Know Learn 23, 41–64 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-017-9337-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-017-9337-9