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Influence of Large Syncline on In Situ Stress Field: A Case Study of the Kaiping Coalfield, China

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Abstract

Kaiping coalfield is located in Tangshan, northern China, and the area has been mined for 130 years. The main structure is the Kaiping syncline with an axis that generally strikes north–east to east–west. Since 1998, we have measured the in situ stress using overcoring and obtained 30 sets of data in eight coal mines with depths from −260 to −1238 m. Based on the measured data, we established the trends in maximum horizontal stress, vertical stress, minimum horizontal stress, and their ratios, and the ratio of mean horizontal stress to vertical stress and depth. The relationship between magnitude and orientation of maximum horizontal stress and their relationships to the Kaiping syncline are discussed. The results show that (1) the stress field of the Kaiping coalfield is complex and non-uniform. The orientation and magnitude of principal stress from stress measurement diverge widely from the regional stress field and the stress regime, with 77 % strike-slip faulting and the remainder thrust faulting. (2) Both maximum (σ H) and minimum (σ h) horizontal stresses have significant differences at a similar depth; however, vertical stress σ v increases linearly with depth with a gradient of 0.025 MPa/m. The ratio (k) of the mean horizontal stress to vertical stress is 160/h + 1.04 < k < 300/h + 1.14. This is higher at shallow depth and gradually decreases as depth increases. Up to 90 % of σ H/σ h falls between 1.17 and 2.39 with an average of 1.96, and it is not closely related to depth. The σ H /σ v ranges from 1.06 to 2.43 with a bandwidth of 1 and decreases gradually with increasing depth. (3) The in situ stress field in the Kaiping coalfield is the result of the synthetic action of different levels of geological structures where both the orientation and magnitude of in situ stress are influenced by the Kaiping syncline. The σ H near the axis of the Kaiping syncline is remarkably high and decreases 8 km from the axis. The orientation of σ H near the axis of the Kaiping syncline is almost perpendicular to the axis of the Kaiping syncline, while far from the axis the orientation gradually changes to east–west.

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Acknowledgments

The work presented in this paper was financially jointly supported by the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51104085, 51274117), the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2005CB221501), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning (Grant No. 201204407), and Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. LJQ2013035). Special thanks to the engineers of the eight coal mines of the Kaiping coalfield for their help on stress measurements. The authors are especially grateful to Dr. Chen Cao for fruitful discussions and advice. Thanks are also due to Mr. Bob Kininmonth for improving the English of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China

    Jun Han, Hongwei Zhang, Hai Rong & Tianwei Lan

  2. Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China

    Bin Liang

  3. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yuanzheng Liu

  4. School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia

    Jun Han & Ting Ren

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  1. Jun Han
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Correspondence to Jun Han.

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Han, J., Zhang, H., Liang, B. et al. Influence of Large Syncline on In Situ Stress Field: A Case Study of the Kaiping Coalfield, China. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49, 4423–4440 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1039-4

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