Gamelan

Gamelan est traditionalis grex musicus Iavae et Bali in Indonesia, plerumque in instrumentis percussionalibus consistens. Usitatissima instrumenta sunt metallophona a malleis ictis et tympanis manu ictis et kendhang appellatis, quae tactum edunt. Inter alia instrumenta sunt xylophona, tibiae bambusae, chordophonum arcuatum rebab appellatum, et adeo cantores sindhen appellati.^[1]

Gamelan, quamquam populo minus gratum est post musicam pop introductam, iam iustis temporibus usitate auditur, praecipue in multis caerimoniis traditionalibus Indonesiis. Plurimis Indonesianis, gamelan est pars necessaria culturae Indonesiae.^[2]

Vocabulum gamelan a gamel, registrum bassum, deducitur, quod ad genus mallei ad instrumenta icta adhibitum vel actionem malleo iciendi attingere potest.^[3] Vocabulum karawitan ad instrumenta gamelan sonata attingit, et a verbo rawit deducitur, 'contortus' vel 'subtiliter factus' significante.^[4] Vocabulum a rawit, vocabulo Iavanico originis Sanscrito derivatur, quod ad sensum levoris et elegantiae in music Iavanica cultae attingit. Pangrawit, aliud verbum ex eadem radice derivatum, hominem talis prudentiae significat, et pro honorifico est cum vulgus de musicis gamelan magni aestimatis disputat. Verbum Iavanicum altum pro gamelan est gangsa, vel a verbis tembaga et rejasa, ad elementa in aereum gamelan constructum (cuprum et stannum) adhibita, vel tiga et sedasa ad eorum proportiones (tres et decem) attingens.^[5]

• Instrumenta
• 
  Bonang
• 
  Gendér
• 
  Gong
• 
  Kendang
• 
  Kenong/Kethuk
• 
  Peking
• 
  Saron
• 
  Slenthem

Ericus Satie compositor, aequaevus Debussyanus magni momenti, gamelan Iavanicum in Exposition Universelle annu 1889 Lutetiae etiam audivit. Iterati gamelan effectus hypnotici in Gnossienne, copia exotica Satieana pro clavile, adiecta est^[6]

Directa homages ad musicam gamelan inveniuntur in operibus pro instrumentis Occidentalibus a Ioanne Cage conceptis, praecipue in eius rebus pro piano praeparata, Colin McPhee, Ludovico Harrison, Bela Bartok, Francisco Poulenc, Oliverio Messiaen, Petro Boulez, Bronislaw Kaper, et Beniamino Britten. Temporibus recentioribus, compositores Americani sicut Henricus Brant, Stephanus Reich, Philippus Glass, Dionysius Murphy, Loren Nerell, Michael Tenzer, Evan Ziporyn, Daniel Iacobus Wolf, et Jody Diamond, ac compositores Australiani sicut Petrus Sculthorpe, Andreas Schultz, et Ross Edwards nonnulla opera quibus sunt partes pro instrumentis gamelan vel plenis gregibus gamelan composuit. I Nyoman Windha est unus inter compositores Indonesios qui compositiones pro instrumentis Occidentalibus instrumentis gamelan etiam utentes scripserunt. Georgius Ligeti, compositor Hungaricus, Galamb Borong, étude pro pianoforte, composuit, a gamelan motus. Harrius Partch quoque, compositor avant-garde, unus ex compositoribus inusitatioribus Americanis, a gamelan motus est, in compositionibus microtonicis et instrumentis quae pro eorum perfunctione construxit.^[7]

Ioannes Fahey, citharista vulgaris Americanus, elementa gamelan in multis ex suis congeriebus sonorum annis 1960 exeuntibus posuit, et iterum in The Epiphany of Glenn Jones, eius collaboratione cum Cul de Sac grege (1997). Robertus Fripp et Adrianus Belew, a gamelan moti,^[8] citharis per rhythmum imbricatis usi sunt in eorum biciniis inter se in trilogia alborum (Discipline, Beat, Three of a Perfect Pair) a King Crimson grege rockoco ab anno 1981 ad 1984 editis^[9][10] et in The League of Crafty Guitarists.^[11] Gamelan saltem ter adhibitum est a Michaele Oldfield, Britannico multorum instrumentorum perito, in compositionibus "Woodhenge" (1979), "The Wind Chimes (Part II)" (1987), et "Nightshade" (2005).

• Colinus McPhee
• Kulintang
• Musica Indonesiae
• Wayang

• Bruford, Bill. 2009. The autobiography: Yes, King Crimson, Earthworks, and More. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1-906002-23-7. ISBN 1-906002-23-1.
• Live! Robert Fripp and The League of Crafty Guitarists. 1987. [Recognitio.] Audio 71:98.
• Martin, Bill. 1997. Listening to the future: The time of progressive rock, 1968-1978. Open Court. ISBN 0-8126-9368-X.
• Orledge, Robert. 1990. Satie the Composer. Music in the Twentieth Century. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
• Sorrell, Neil. 2000. A Guide to the Gamelan. Londinii Faber and Faber.
• Tamm, Eric. 1990, 2003. Robert Fripp: From crimson king to crafty master. Progressive Ears editio. Londinii: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-16289-4.

• Gold, Lisa. 2007. Music in Bali: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514149-0 (charta).
• McPhee, Colin. 1966, Music in Bali. Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
• Tenzer, Michael. 1991. Balinese Music. ISBN 0-945971-30-3.
• Tenzer, Michael. 2000. Gamelan Gong Kebyar: The Art of Twentieth-Century Balinese Music. ISBN 0-226-79281-1, ISBN 0-226-79283-8.

• Brinner, Benjamin. 2007. Music in Central Java: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514737-5 (charta).
• Kartomi, Margaret J. 2002. The Gamelan Digul and the Prison Camp Musician Who Built It: An Australian Link with the Indonesian Revolution. Eastman Studies in Music, 15. University of Rochester Press. ISBN 15580460887.
• Kunst, Jaap, ed. 1949, 1973. Music in Java: History Its Theory and Its Technique. ISBN 90-247-1519-9.
• Lindsay, Jennifer. 1992. Javanese Gamelan. ISBN 0-19-588582-1.
• Pickvance, Richard. 2005. A Gamelan Manual: A Player's Guide to the Central Javanese Gamelan. Londinii: Jaman Mas Books. ISBN 0-9550295-0-3.
• Sumarsam. 1995. Gamelan: Cultural Interaction and Musical Development in Central Java. ISBN 0-226-78010-4, 0226780112 (charta).

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Gamelan spectant.

• Gamelan Balinense et Iavanicum, sinisterfrog.com
• Gamelan in Bali, iweb.tntech.edu
• 'Gendèr barung pélong' ex orchestra gamelan annis 1926 et 1927 a Pontjopangrawit fundat, in Museo Nationali Australiano Canberrae, www.nma.gov.au
• Lim, Vi King. Iavanica gamelan notatio, www.langensuka.asn.au
• "Listening to Balinese Gamelan: A Beginners' Guide," cnx.org (Connexions)
• Manis, John Noise. Congeries curata musicae Iavanicae et Balinensis, www.gamelan.to
• Notatio gamelan Iavanica, www.gamelanbvg.com
• Qehn. Praefatio ad musicam gamelan, members.efn.org (Iavanice)