Silk aka mere

E mepụtara silku mbụ na-aga nke ọma na 1890s nke cellulosu fiba ma na-ere ya dị ka silk nka maobụ viscose, aha azụmahịa maka otu onye nrụpụta.^[1] N'afọ 1924, a gbanwere aha eriri ahụ na US ka ọ bụrụ rayon, ọ bụ ezie na a nọgidere na-eji okwu viskosu eme ihe na Iropu. A na-akpọkarị ihe ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka viscose rayon.^[2]

N'afọ 1931, Henry Ford goro ndị na-emepụta kemịkal Robert Boyer na Frank Calvert ka ha mepụta silku aka mere nke e ji eriri soybin mee. Ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime eriri akwa nke eriri protein soy, siri ike maobụ sie ike na mmiri fomaldehide nke enyere aha Azlon. Enwere ike iji ya mee uwe, okpu felt, na uwe elu. Ọ bụ ezie na mmepụta ụgbọelu nke Azlon ruru 5,000poundy(2,300 ) kwa ụbọchị na 1940, ọ bịarughị n'ahịa azụmahịa; DuPont's nylon ghọrọ silk aka kachasị mkpa.

Ọ bụ ezie na a naghị ere ya n'okpuru aha nka silk na mbụ, nylon, eriri aka mbụ, mepụtara na United Steeti na ngwụcha afọ 1930 ma jiri ya dochie anya silk nke Japan n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ihe onwunwe ya dị elu karịa rayon na silk mgbe ọ na-ede mmiri, ya mere e ji ya mee ihe maka ọtụtụ ọrụ agha, dị ka parachutes. Ọ bụ ezie na naịlọn abụghị ezigbo ihe na-anọchi anya ákwà silku n'ọdịdị, ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Atụmatụ mbụ nke DuPont maka naịlọn ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị ọnụ ala na nke dị elu maka sọks silk mezuru n'oge na-adịghị anya, wee gbanwee ya maka iji ya mee ihe agha naanị afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.^[3][4][5][6] Mailing ghọrọ eriri ụlọ ọrụ ama ama n'oge dị mkpirikpi, na-anọchi silk n'ọtụtụ ngwa.

N'oge a, enwere ike iji rayon, ogho mesraized poliesta, ngwakọta nke ihe ndị a, maọbụ ngwakọta nke rayon na silku mee silku.^[7][8][9]

N'agbanyeghị ọdịdị yiri nke ahụ n'ozuzu ya, ezigbo silk nwere ihe pụrụ iche nke a na-ahụ anya site na silk aka. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a pụrụ ịnyefe silk dị ka ezigbo silk nye ndị na-amaghị ama. Enwere ọtụtụ nnwale iji chọpụta ihe eji emepụta ákwà, nke enwere ike ịme ụfọdụ n'ime ha tupu ịzụta ákwà nke ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo. Ule na-agụnye ịfụ ụyọkọ ahụ n'aka, na-ere obere akụkụ nke ọnụ iji nụ ísì ntụ ma na-esi ísì anwụrụ ọkụ, na-agbari ụyọkọ site na ịme ule kemịkal.^[10]