Forrest Gump

6Forrest Gump bụ ihe nkiri ama ama nke America na 1994 Robert Zemeckis duziri ma Eric Roth dere.  Ọ dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1986 nke otu aha nke Winston Groom na kpakpando Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson na Sally Field.  Ihe nkiri a na-egosi ọtụtụ iri afọ na ndụ onye Alabama na-adịghị nwayọ na obi ọma aha ya bụ Forrest Gump (Hanks) na ahụmahụ ya na narị afọ nke 20 na United States.  Ihe nkiri a dị nnọọ iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ.

Isi foto mere n'etiti Ọgọst na Disemba 1993, ọkachasị na Georgia, North Carolina na South Carolina.  A na-eji nnukwu ihe nlere anya wee tinye Hanks n'ime ihe nkiri echekwara na iji mepụta ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ.  Ụda ụda na-egosi egwu na-egosipụta oge dị iche iche a na-ahụ na ihe nkiri ahụ.

.A tọhapụrụ Forrest Gump na United States na Julaị 6, 1994, wee nata nyocha kachasị mma, yana otuto dị egwu maka ntụzịaka Zemeckis, mmemme (karịsịa nke Hanks na Sinise), mmetụta anya, egwu, na ihe nkiri.  Ihe nkiri ahụ bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ụlọ ọrụ igbe;  ọ ghọrọ ihe nkiri kacha enweta ego na United States n'afọ ahụ wee nweta ihe karịrị US $678.2 million n'ụwa niile n'oge mmemme ihe nkiri ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri nke abụọ kacha enweta ego na 1994, n'azụ The Lion King.  Ụda ụda ahụ rere ihe karịrị nde iri na abụọ.  Forrest Gump meriri ihe nrite Academy isii: Foto kacha mma, onye isi kacha mma, onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma maka Hanks, enyo enyo kacha mma, mmetụta ọhụụ kacha mma, na ndezi ihe nkiri kacha mma.  Ọ natara ọtụtụ nhọpụta onyinye, gụnyere Golden Globes, British Academy Film Awards na Screen Actors Guild Awards.

A kọwawo nkọwa dị iche iche maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nnọchianya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ihe nkiri ahụ.  N'afọ 2011, Library nke Congress họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka nchekwa na ndebanye aha ihe nkiri mba United States dị ka "ọdịnala, akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụ nke mara mma"..^[1][2][3]

N'afọ 1981, otu nwoke aha ya bụ Forrest Gump na-akọ akụkọ ndụ ya nye ndị ọ na-amabughị bụ́ ndị na-anọdụ ala n'akụkụ ya n'ọdụ ụgbọ ala.

Dịka nwata nwoke na 1956, Forrest nwere IQ nke 75 ma tinye ya na ihe nkwado ụkwụ iji mezie ọkpụkpụ azụ.  O bi na Greenbow, Alabama, ya na nne ya, onye na-arụ ụlọ obibi ma na-agba ya ume ibi ndụ karịrị nkwarụ ya.  N'ime ndị bi n'ụlọ ha nwa oge bụ nwa okorobịa Elvis Presley, onye na-akpọ ụbọ maka Forrest ma nwee mmụọ mmụọ itinye ụkwụ nwa nwoke na-agba agba na mmegharị hip n'ime ihe ngosi ya.  N'ụbọchị mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ, Forrest zutere otu nwa agbọghọ aha ya bụ Jenny Curran, ha abụọ ghọrọ ezigbo enyi.  Jenny bụ onye e metọrọ n’ụzọ mmekọahụ n’aka nna ya di ya nwụrụ, bụ́ onye aṅụrụma, ma e mesịrị wepụ ya n’aka ya.

N'ịbụ onye a na-amaja n'ihi nkwado ụkwụ ya na enweghị uche, Forrest na-agbanarị otu ụmụaka, ma mgbe ihe nkwado ya kwụsịrị, a na-ekpughe na ọ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa.  Site na talent a, ọ na-enweta akwụkwọ mmụta football na Mahadum Alabama na 1962, bụ ebe Bear Bryant na-azụ ya, na-aghọ onye na-alọghachi azụ azụ, na-akpọ ya na ndị otu America nile, ma zute onyeisi oche John F. Kennedy na White  Ụlọ.  N'afọ mbụ ya na kọleji, ọ gbara akaebe Gọvanọ George Wallace's Stand in the School Door wee weghachi Vivian Malone Jones akwụkwọ ewepụrụ na Vivian Malone Jones, otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ kwetara na nguzogide steeti.  Ọ na-eleta Jenny na kọleji ya, ebe ha abụọ na-enwe mmekọahụ na-adịghị mma.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji na 1966, Forrest debanyere aha na US Army.  N'oge ọzụzụ bụ isi, ọ na-eme enyi onye agha ibe ya aha ya bụ Benjamin Buford Blue (a na-akpọ "Bubba"), bụ onye ghọrọ ezigbo enyi ma kwenye Forrest ka ya na ya banye azụmahịa shrimping mgbe ọrụ ha gasịrị.  Mgbe ọ na-ahapụ ezumike, Forrest na-aga Memphis, Tennessee, ịhụ Jenny, bụ onye a chụpụrụ na mahadum maka ịpụta na Playboy na uwe elu kọleji ya, ma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na ụlọ ịgba chaa chaa.  Otú ọ dị, ọ na-emenye ya ihere site n'ịwakpo ụfọdụ ndị na-azụ ya na-amaja ya, na-eme ka ha abụọ kewaa.  N'oge na-adịghị anya ka e mesịrị, a na-eziga Forrest na Bubba ịlụ ọgụ na Vietnam, na-eje ozi na 9th Infantry Division na Mekong Delta mpaghara n'okpuru Lieutenant Dan Taylor.  Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole arụchara ọrụ oge niile, a na-ezute ndị agha ha mgbe ha na-eche nche, ma gbuo ọtụtụ ndị otu ndị agha n'omume, gụnyere Bubba.  Forrest na-azọpụta ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Lieutenant Dan, bụ onye na-efunahụ ụkwụ ya abụọ, ebe a na-agba Forrest "na n'úkwù."  Mgbe ọ na-agbake na ọnya ya, Forrest na-azụlite talent maka ping pong.  Taylor nwere iwe n'ihi ịbụ onye a zọpụtara ndụ ya dịka ọ tụrụ anya ịnwụ n'ọgụ dịka ndị nna nna ya, na ihe arụrụ arụ.  Onye isi ala Lyndon B. Johnson na-enye Forrest ihe nrite nke nsọpụrụ maka dike ya.

N'oge mgbochi agha na March na nnọkọ Pentagon, Forrest zutere Abbie Hoffman, zutere otu Black Panther, wee jikọọ Jenny, onye ghọrọ hippie ọgwụ ọjọọ riri ahụ na onye na-emegide agha, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya ha abụọ kewapụrụ ọzọ mgbe ọ na-emekọrịta ihe.  hapụrụ San Francisco ya na enyi ya nwoke na-akparị mmadụ, Wesley, onye isi oche SDS na Berkeley.  Forrest na-egwu ping-pong na ọrụ pụrụ iche, na-asọ mpi megide ndị otu China na diplomacy ping-pong, ịghọ onye a ma ama, wee nweta onwe ya ajụjụ ọnụ ya na John Lennon na Dick Cavett Show, na-egosi na ọ na-emetụta egwu Lennon "Chere".  Forrest na-eji 1972 New Year's Eve na New York City na Lieutenant Dan, onye ghọrọ onye aṅụrụma, ka na-ewute ya maka nkwarụ ya na enweghị mmasị nke gọọmentị na-enwe maka ndị agha Vietnam.  Forrest anaghị enwe mmasị na mkpakọrịta nke ndị akwụna Lt. Dan n'ihi nraranye ya nye Jenny, ma jụ ọganihu ha, na-eduga Lt. Dan iji iwe chụpụ ha n'ihi mkparị Forrest.  Ihe ịga nke ọma nke ping-pong nke Forrest na-eduga na nzụkọ ya na Onye isi ala Richard Nixon.  Enyere ya ọnụ ụlọ na Watergate complex, ebe ọ na-ekpughe n'amaghị ama asịrị Watergate.

N'afọ 1974, a chụpụrụ Forrest n'ụzọ nkwanye ùgwù n'ọrụ agha, wee laghachi Greenbow, ebe ọ nabatara $ 25,000 iji jiri paddle ping-pong na Mao Zedong na ya. Ọ na-eji ego ahụ zụta ụgbọ mmiri shrimping na Bayou La Batre, na-emezu nkwa ya nye Bubba. Lieutenant Dan sonyeere Forrest dị ka onye isi ya, ha enwechaghị ihe ịga nke ọma na mbụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ha ghọrọ naanị nke lanarịrị ajọ ifufe Carmen, ha na-adọta oke shrimp ma mepụta ụlọ ọrụ Bubba Gump Shrimp nke bara uru. Lieutenant Dan kwetara na Forrest zọpụtara ya, mana ọ naghị ekele ya maka ịzọpụta ndụ ya. Dan na-etinye ego ya na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ mbụ na ahịa ngwaahịa, nke Forrest mehiere maka "ụdị ụlọ ọrụ mkpụrụ osisi", ha abụọ wee bụrụ ndị nde mmadụ. Forrest na-enye ọkara nke ego ọ na-enweta n'ezinụlọ Bubba maka ịkpali ọrụ shrimping. Forrest laghachiri n'ụlọ nne ya ma lekọta ya n'oge ọrịa kansa na-egbu egbu. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Forrest na-etinye ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ya n'ọrụ afọ ofufo dị ka onye na-elekọta ubi na Mahadum Alabama.

N'afọ 1976, Jenny - na-agbake n'afọ nke ọgwụ ọjọọ na mmegbu –laghachiri na Forrest.  Otu ụbọchị, ha abụọ na-aga, wee gafee ụlọ nna Jenny agbahapụla ugbu a, ebe Jenny, n'iwe, tụbara nkume niile ọ nwere ike ịhụ na ya, ruo mgbe ọ dara n'oké nhụjuanya.  Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gachara, Forrest gwara ya, mana ọ jụrụ ya, nke ukwuu wutere Forrest.  N'abalị ahụ, ọ na-ekwupụta Forrest na ọ hụrụ ya n'anya n'ezie.  Ha na-eme ịhụnanya, ma Jenny na-apụ n'ụtụtụ echi.  Obi gbawara, Forrest, "na-enweghị ihe kpatara ya", na-amalite ịgba ọsọ wee banye marathon nke mba, bụrụ onye a ma ama maka ọrụ ọzọ.  Forrest na-amalite ịchịkọta ọtụtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ọchụnta ego na-agbasi mbọ ike, bụ ndị ọ na-enye ume n'amaghị ama.  Mgbe ngụkọta nke ihe dị ka afọ atọ na ọnwa abụọ na ọkara na-agba ọsọ, Forrest kpebiri ịkwụsị ọsọ ahụ, ma laghachi na Greenbow, nke juru ndị na-eso ụzọ ya anya.

N'afọ 1981, Forrest nwetara akwụkwọ ozi site n'aka Jenny, na-arịọ ya ka ọ bịa leta ya, nke mere na ọ na-echere na nkwụsị ụgbọ ala.  Otu agadi nwanyị gwara ya na adreesị ahụ dị naanị 5/6, ọ gbapụrụ ọsọ ọsọ.  Forrest na Jenny na-ejikọta ọzọ, onye kwụsịrị iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ma gbanwee ndụ ya.  Jenny wee gosi ya nwa ya nwoke nke nta, Forrest Gump Jr., na-ekpughe na Forrest bụ nna ya.  Na mbụ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ na mkpughe ahụ, Forrest malitere mmekọrịta ya na nwa ya nwoke.  Jenny mechara gwa Forrest na ya na-arịa “ụdị nje” na ndị dọkịta enweghị ike imere ya ihe ọ bụla.  Ha atọ laghachiri Greenbow na Jenny na Forrest mechara lụọ.  N'ime ndị ọbịa agbamakwụkwọ ha bụ Lt. Dan, na-eje ije ugbu a na titanium alloy prosthetics, ya na onye ọ ga-alụ, nwanyị Vietnamese aha ya bụ Susan.  Jenny dara n'ọrịa ya otu afọ ka e mesịrị.  Ọnwụ ya na-ewute Forrest nke ukwuu mana ọ ghọrọ nna na-ahụ n'anya, nke nwere obi ụtọ nye Forrest Jr. ka ha abụọ na-eme ihe dị ka ping pong na ịkụ azụ.  Forrest zụtakwara ala nna Jenny nwere ma kwatuo ụlọ ahụ.  N'ikpeazụ, Forrest na-ahụ nwa ya nwoke pụọ n'ụbọchị mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ.   Ihe nkiri a dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1986 nke Winston Groom dere.  Ha abụọ gbadoro ụkwụ na agwa Forrest Gump.  Otú ọ dị, ihe nkiri ahụ bụ isi na-elekwasị anya na isi iri na otu mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ tupu ịmalite n'ihu na njedebe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, na ntọala nke Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. na nzukọ na Forrest Jr. Na mgbakwunye na ịwụpụ akụkụ ụfọdụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ.  ihe nkiri ahụ na-agbakwụnye ọtụtụ akụkụ na ndụ Gump nke na-adịghị eme na akwụkwọ akụkọ, dị ka ihe nkwado ụkwụ ya chọrọ mgbe ọ bụ nwata na ọsọ ọ na-agba na United States.^[4]

Agbanwekwara àgwà na àgwà Gump site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ;  N'ime ihe ndị ọzọ, àgwà ihe nkiri ya dị ntakịrị - na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, mgbe ọ na-egwu bọl na mahadum, ọ na-ada ụda na mgbatị ahụ mana ọ na-enweta akara zuru oke na klas physics dị elu nke onye nchịkwa debanyere aha ya iji mejuo kọleji ya.  chọrọ.^[4] Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gosipụtakwara Gump dị ka onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe, onye na-agba mgba, na onye na-egwu egwuregwu chess.^[4]

Akwụkwọ ahụ nwere agha bidding banyere mgbanwe ọbụna tupu mbipụta, na Wendy Finerman na Steve Tisch na-enweta ha site na ijikọ ndị agha na Warner Bros., ebe di Finerman bụ Mark Canton bụ onye isi oche nke mmepụta.^[5] A kwụrụ Groom $ 500,000 ma dekọọ ihe atọ mbụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, nke dabere na ihe omume nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ.^[6] Mgbe Rain Man kọrọ akụkọ nke onye ọkà mmụta sayensị, Warner enweghị mmasị na foto ahụ, na 1990 ọrụ ahụ gbanwere. Finerman kpọtụrụ Columbia Pictures, bụ ndị gara n'ihu jụ ya, ka ha na-ewe Eric Roth n'ọrụ idegharị edemede ahụ.^[7] Roth na Finerman nọgidere na-akpọtụrụ Groom iji hụ na edemede ahụ ziri ezi n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.^[6] Roth weputara ihe nkiri na 1992, nke onye isi oche nke Paramount Pictures Sherry Lansing nwere mmasị zuru oke iji weta ọrụ ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ ya, onye nwetara ikike site na Warner iji gbanwere edemede maka mkpebi Executive.^[8][9]

Ivan Reitman, Penny Marshall na Terry Gilliam gafere ọrụ ahụ tupu e were Robert Zemeckis n'ọrụ.^[10][9] Barry Sonnenfeld sonyeere ihe nkiri ahụ, mana ọ hapụrụ iji duzie Addams Family Values.

John Travolta bụ onye mbụ a họọrọ ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ahụ ma kwuo na ịnyefe ọrụ ahụ bụ njehie.^[11][12][13] A tụlere Bill Murray, Chevy Chase, na Matthew Broderick maka ọrụ ahụ.^[14] Sean Penn kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ bụ nhọrọ nke abụọ maka ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-emesị gosipụta onye nwere nkwarụ na ihe nkiri 2001 I Am Sam . Hanks kpughere na ọ bịanyere aka na ihe nkiri ahụ mgbe otu awa na ọkara nke ịgụchara edemede ahụ.^[15] Na mbụ, ọ chọrọ ime ka ụda olu ndịda nke Forrest dị mfe, mana onye nduzi Robert Zemeckis mechara mee ka ọ gosipụta ụda olu siri ike a na-ekwusi ike na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ.^[15] Hanks kwukwara na ọ were ya ụbọchị atọ iji mụta otu esi arụ ọrụ ahụ, a pụghị itinye ihe nkiri sitere n'oge ahụ.^[16] Winston Groom, onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ahụ, kọwara ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka onye wepụrụ "akụkụ siri ike" n'aka onye ọ chere na ọ bụ John Goodman na-eme ya.^[17] Tụkwasị na nke a, nwanne Tom nke obere Jim Hanks bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ya na ihe nkiri ahụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ mgbe Forrest na-agafe US. Nwa nwanyị Tom Elizabeth Hanks pụtara na ihe nkiri dị ka nwa agbọghọ nọ na bọs ụlọ akwụkwọ nke jụrụ ikwe ka Forrest (Michael Conner Humphreys) nọrọ n'akụkụ ya.^[18] A tụlere Joe Pesci maka ọrụ Lieutenant Dan Taylor, nke e mechara nye Gary Sinise.^[19] E nyere David Alan Grier, Ice Cube na Dave Chappelle ọrụ Benjamin Buford Blue, mana ha atọ jụrụ ya.^[20][21] Chappelle, onye kwuru na ya kwenyere na ihe nkiri ahụ agaghị aga nke ọma, a kọrọ na ọ na-akwa ụta maka ịghara iwere ọrụ ahụ. Hanks maara banyere mmechuihu Chappelle n'ịhapụ akụkụ ahụ ma kweta iso ya rụọ ọrụ na ihe nkiri n'ọdịnihu, nke mechara bụrụ You've Got Mail.^[20] Onye na-eti egwu Tupac Shakur mekwara nnwale.^[22]

Filming malitere n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1993 wee gwụ na Disemba nke afọ ahụ.^[23] Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nkiri ahụ dị na Alabama, ihe nkiri ahụ mere na gburugburu Beaufort, South Carolina, yana akụkụ nke Virginia na North Carolina, gụnyere ịgba ọsọ na Blue Ridge Parkway.^[15][24] E mere akụkụ ndị dị n'etiti obodo nke obodo Greenbow na Varnville, South Carolina. E mere ihe nkiri nke Forrest na-agba ọsọ na Vietnam mgbe ọ nọ n'okpuru ọkụ na Hunting Island State Park na Fripp Island, South Carolina.^[25] E mere ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na Biltmore Estate na Asheville, North Carolina na Blue Ridge Parkway dị nso na Boone, North Carolina. Ebe a ma ama bụ Grandfather Mountain ebe akụkụ nke ụzọ ahụ mechara bụrụ nke a maara dị ka "Forrest Gump Curve".^[26]

E wuru ụlọ ezinụlọ Gump n'akụkụ Osimiri Combahee dị nso na Yemassee, South Carolina, a na-ejikwa ala dị nso mee ihe nkiri ụlọ Curran yana ụfọdụ ihe nkiri Vietnam. A kụrụ ihe karịrị osisi palmetto 20 iji melite ihe nkiri Vietnam.^[27] Forrest Gump kọrọ akụkọ ndụ ya n'akụkụ ugwu nke Chippewa Square na Savannah, Georgia ka ọ nọ ọdụ na bench bọs. E nwere ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ e mere na Savannah na gburugburu ya, gụnyere ịgba ọsọ na Richard V. Woods Memorial Bridge na Beaufort mgbe ndị nta akụkọ na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ, na West Bay Street na Savanna.^[27] E mere ihe nkiri ka ukwuu n'ihe nkiri kọleji na Los Angeles na Mahadum nke Southern California. Ụlọ ọkụ nke Forrest na-agafe iji ruo Oké Osimiri Atlantic oge mbụ bụ Marshall Point Lighthouse na Port Clyde, Maine. E mere ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na Arizona, Utah's Monument Valley, na Montana's Glacier National Park.^[28]

Ken Ralston na ndị otu ya na Industrial Light & Magic bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ. N'iji usoro CGI, ọ ga-ekwe omume igosi Gump na-ezute ndị nwụrụ anwụ ma na-akụ aka ha. A gbagburu Hanks na ihuenyo na-acha anụnụ anụnụ tinyere akara ntụaka ka o wee nwee ike ịhazi ya na ihe nkiri nchekwa. Iji dekọọ olu nke ndị akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ese ndị na-eme ihe nkiri olu ma jiri mmetụta pụrụ iche gbanwee egbugbere ọnụ maka mkparịta ụka ọhụrụ.^[29] E ji ihe nkiri echekwara mee ihe ma site n'enyemaka nke usoro ndị dị ka chroma key, image warping, morphing, na rotoscoping, Hanks sonyere na ya.

N'otu ọnọdụ agha Vietnam, Gump na-ebuga Bubba pụọ ​​na mwakpo napalm na-abata.  Iji mepụta mmetụta ahụ, a na-eji ndị na-eme ihe nkiri stunt mee ihe na mbụ maka nhazi.  Mgbe ahụ, a na-ese foto Hanks na Williamson, ebe Williamson na-akwado waya USB ka Hanks so ya na-agba ọsọ.  A na-esezi ihe mgbawa ahụ, ma tinyekwa ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ka ha pụta n'ihu ihe mgbawa ahụ.  CGI gbakwunyekwara ndị agha jet na mkpọ napalm

N'otu ọnọdụ agha Vietnam, Gump na-ebuga Bubba mfe na nkọwa napalm na-abata.  Iji ire ụgbọ ahụ, a na-eji ndị na-eme ihe nkiri stunt mee ihe na mbụ maka nhazi.  Mgbe ahụ, a na-ese foto Hanks na Williamson, ebe Williamson na-akwado waya USB ka Hanks so ya na-agba ọsọ.  A na-esezi ihe mgbawa ahụ, ma tinye ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ka ha pụta n'ihu ihe mgbawa ahụ.  CGI mgbakwunyekwara ndị agha jet na mkpọ napalm

Ebe Forrest hụrụ Jenny na nnọkọ udo na Lincoln Memorial and Reflecting Pool na Washington, D.C., chọrọ mmetụta a na-ahụ anya iji mepụta nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ.  N'ime ụbọchị abụọ nke eserese, a na-eji ihe mgbakwunye 1,500 mee iheN'oge ọ bụla a na-eme n'otu n'otu, a na-ahazigharị ihe mgbakwunye ahụ wee bugharịa n'ime akụkụ anọ dị iche na igwefoto.  Site n'enyemaka nke kọmputa, a na-amụba ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta ìgwè mmadụ nke ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ^[15][30]

Atụla nkọwa dị iche iche maka nku dị na mmeghe na mmechi nke ihe nkiri ahụ.  Sarah Lyall nke akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times kwuru ọtụtụ aro ndị e mere banyere nku: "Nku ọcha ahụ ọ na-anọchi anya Ìhè na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke ịbụ? Amamihe nke Forrest Gump?^[31]Hanks kọwara nku dị ka: "A na-akọwa ọdịnihu anyị naanị site n'otú anyị si emeso ihe ndị nwere ohere na ndụ anyị na nke ahụ bụ ụdị ọdịdị nke nku ka ọ na-abata. Nke a bụ ihe a nwere ike ịdaba ebe ọ bụla na ọ na-adaba na ya.  Ụkwụ gị.O nwere ihe gbasara nkà mmụta okpukpe nke buru ibu n'ezie. Sally Field jiri nku ahụ tụnyere akara aka, na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ na-efe na ifufe na-emetụkwa ebe a ma ọ bụ ebe ahụ." Onye nlekọta mmetụta anya bụ Ken Ralston jiri nku ahụ tụnyere ihe osise nkịtị: "Ọ nwere ike ịpụta ọtụtụ ihe nye ọtụtụ ndị dị iche iche..

Hanks na-ekwu na "ihe nkiri ahụ abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma si otú a bụrụ nke na-enweghị ikpe".^[32] Ka o sina dị, Crossfire nke CNN rụrụ ụka na 1994 ma ihe nkiri ahụ na-akwalite ụkpụrụ ndị na-agbaso omenala ma ọ bụ na ọ bụ ebubo nke mmegide omenala nke afọ 1960. Thomas Byers kpọrọ ya "ihe nkiri na-agbaso omenala" n'otu edemede Modern Fiction Studies.^[33]   A rịba ama na ọ bụ ezie na Gump na-agbaso ụzọ ndụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ndụ Jenny jupụtara na mmata na-emegide omenala, juputara na iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, omume rụrụ arụ, na nzukọ ndị na-emegiderịta agha, nakwa na alụmdi na nwunye ha nwere ike ịbụ ụdị ime udo.^[34] Jennifer Hyland Wang na-arụ ụka n'otu edemede Cinema Journal na ọnwụ Jenny na nje a na-akpọghị aha "na-anọchi anya ọnwụ nke America nwere nnwere onwe na ọnwụ nke ngagharị iwe nke kọwapụtara afọ iri" na 1960s. Ọ na-ekwukwa na onye na-ede ihe nkiri ahụ, Eric Roth, mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma nyefee Jenny "mmejọ niile nke Gump na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị America mere na 1960s na 1970s".^[35]

Ndị na-akọwa ihe ndị ọzọ kwenyere na ihe nkiri ahụ buru amụma maka mgbanwe Republican nke 1994 ma jiri onyinyo nke Forrest Gump kwalite omenala, ụkpụrụ ndị na-agbaso omenala nke onye ndú Newt Gingrich. Jennifer Hyland Wang na-ekwu na ihe nkiri ahụ na-eme ka afọ 1950 dị mma, dịka enweghị akara "Whites Only" gosipụtara na nwata Gump nke Southern, ma na-eche na afọ 1960 dị ka oge esemokwu na mgbagwoju anya. Ọ na-ekwu na ọdịiche a dị n'etiti iri afọ na-akatọ ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị na-emegide ma na-ekwusi ike na ọ bụ onye na-agbaso omenala.^[35] Wang na-ekwu na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Republican jiri ihe nkiri ahụ mee ihe iji gosipụta "ọdịnala nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-adịbeghị anya" iji mee ka ndị na-eme ntụli aka gaa n'echiche ha maka ntuli aka ndị omeiwu.^[35] Onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala bụ Bob Dole kwuru na ozi ihe nkiri ahụ bụ "n'agbanyeghị etu ihe isi ike ahụ siri dị ukwuu, nrọ America dị n'ime onye ọ bụla".^[35]

N'afọ 1995, National Review gụnyere Forrest Gump na ndepụta ya nke "Best 100 Conservative Movies" nke oge niile, ma mee ya nọmba anọ na ndepụta ya "25 Best Conservative Moves of the Last 25 Years".^[36][37] National Review's John Miller dere na "Tom Hanks na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nwere omume enyi nke nwere ọgụgụ isi nke ukwuu ịnakwere ụkpụrụ ndị na-egbu egbu nke afọ 1960. Ịhụnanya nke ndụ ya, nke Robin Wright Penn gosipụtara n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, na-ahọrọ ụzọ dị iche; ọ na-aghọ onye hippie na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ, na-enwe ọdachi.^[38]

Prọfesọ James Burton na Mahadum Salisbury na-ekwu na ndị na-agbaso omenala kwuru na Forrest Gump bụ nke ha n'ihi obere ihe dị n'ime ihe nkiri ahụ ma karịa akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị nke afọ 1994. Burton na-azọrọ na ọdịnaya ihe nkiri ahụ na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi metụtara ọnọdụ ọdịbendị nke afọ 1990, nke mesiri ike ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ na ụkpụrụ America, nke gosipụtara n'akwụkwọ Hollywood vs. America. Ọ na-ekwu na ọnọdụ a metụtara ọdịdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ihe nkiri ahụ, nke nyere ohere ọtụtụ nkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche.

Ụfọdụ ndị na-akọwa nkọwa na-ahụ akwụkwọ ndị na-achọghị mgbanwe nke Forrest Gump na-egosi ọnwụ nke nhụsianya na omenala America.  Vivian Sobchack kwuru na ihe ọchị na ihe ọchị nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-adabere n'echiche nke ihe ọmụma akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-ege ntị.

E wepụtara ụda egwu nke 32 sitere na ihe nkiri ahụ na Julaị 6, 1994. Ewezuga ogologo suite sitere na akara Alan Silvestri, ewepụtara egwu niile na mbụ;  ụda ụda gụnyere egwu sitere na Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Aretha Franklin, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Night Dog Night, the Byrds, the Beach Boys, Ahụmahụ Jimi Hendrix, Ọnụ ụzọ, Mamas & Papas, Ụmụnna Doobie,  Simon & Garfunkel, Bob Seger, na Buffalo Springfield n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  Onye na-emepụta egwu bụ Joel Sill tụgharịrị uche n'ịchịkọta ụda ụda ahụ: "Anyị chọrọ inwe ihe a na-amata nke ọma nke ga-egosi oge, ma anyị achọghị itinye aka na ihe na-eme na cinematically. "^[39] Ndekọ diski abụọ ahụ nwere egwu dị iche iche sitere na 1950-1980 nke ndị nka America mere.  Dị ka Sill si kwuo, nke a bụ n'ihi arịrịọ Zemeckis, "Ihe niile dị n'ebe ahụ bụ American. Bob (Zemeckis) nwere mmetụta siri ike banyere ya. O chere na Forrest agaghị azụta ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị American. "^[39]

Akara ụda ahụ ruru n'ókè nke ọnụọgụ 2 na chaatị album <i id="mwAyc">Billboard</i>.^[39] Akara ụda ahụ gara n'ihu na-ere nde iri na abụọ, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime abọm kachasị ere na US.^[40] Ọ bụ Alan Silvestri dere ma duzie ihe nkiri a họpụtara na Oscar ma wepụta ya n'August 2, 1994.

Eric Roth dere ihe nkiri a maka usoro a na 2001. Ọ dabere na usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ, Gump na Co., nke Winston Groom dere na 1995. Edemede Roth malitere na Forrest nọ ọdụ na oche na-eche nwa ya nwoke ka ọ si na ya lọta.  ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, Roth, Zemeckis na Hanks kpebiri na akụkọ ahụ abaghịzi uru.^[41] Otú ọ dị, na Machị 2007, a kọrọ na ndị na-emepụta Paramount lere anya ọzọ na ihe nkiri ahụ.^[42]

Na peeji nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na-esote, Forrest Gump na-agwa ndị na-agụ ya "Ekwela ka onye ọ bụla mee ihe nkiri banyere akụkọ ndụ gị," na "Ma ha nwetara ya nke ọma ma ọ bụ nke ọjọọ, ọ dịghị mkpa".^[43] Isi nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-egosi na a na-etinye ihe omume ndị gbara ihe nkiri ahụ gburugburu n'ime akụkọ Forrest, nakwa na Forrest nwetara ọtụtụ nlebara anya mgbasa ozi n'ihi ihe nkiri ahụ.^[4] N'oge akwụkwọ akụkọ na-esote, Gump na-abanye na Tom Hanks na njedebe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na mwepụta ihe nkiri ahụ, gụnyere Gump na'aga na The David Letterman Show na ịga Academy Awards.

Ihe nkiri India Laal Singh Chaddha, ewepụtara na Ọgọstụ 2022 yana Aamir Khan na-arụ ọrụ aha, bụ ihe nrụpụta gọọmentị nke Forrest Gump, nke edobere na India n'etiti ngwụcha 1970 na 2010.  Ọ bụ Advait Chandan duziri ihe nkiri a wee bụrụ nke Aamir Khan Productions, Viacom18 Studios na Paramount Pictures mepụtara..^[44]

• Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri bọọlụ America
• Ndepụta ihe nkiri gbasara egwuregwu

1. ↑ 2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved on June 2, 2019.
2. ↑ 'Forrest Gump' Bollywood Remake in the Works. The Hollywood Reporter (March 14, 2019). Archived from the original on March 15, 2019. Retrieved on March 15, 2019.
3. ↑ Complete National Film Registry Listing. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved on October 2, 2020.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3} Delarte. "Movies by the Book: Forrest Gump", Bob's Poetry Magazine, February 2004, p. 24. Retrieved on July 2, 2009. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MoviesBook" defined multiple times with different content
5. ↑ Grimes, William. "Following the Star Of a Winsome Idiot", The New York Times, September 1, 1994. Retrieved on June 28, 2012.
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1} Epstein, Robert (August 7, 1994). Forrest Gump's Proud Dad. The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 14, 2023. Retrieved on February 14, 2023.
7. ↑ Welkos, Robert W. (August 10, 1994). One Studio's Trash Is Another's Treasure. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 14, 2023. Retrieved on February 14, 2023.
8. ↑ Weinraub, Bernard. "'Gump,' a 9-Year Personal Campaign", The New York Times, July 13, 1994. Retrieved on June 28, 2012.
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1} Higgins, Bill (September 18, 2014). Throwback Thursday: 'Forrest Gump' Ran Away With the Box Office in 1994. The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 14, 2023. Retrieved on February 14, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "thr" defined multiple times with different content
10. ↑ Plume (August 24, 2005). Gilliam on Grimm. IGN. Archived from the original on December 24, 2008. Retrieved on October 20, 2010.
11. ↑ Smith. "9 stars who turned down great film roles", BBC News, June 16, 2017. Retrieved on June 29, 2017. (in en-GB)
12. ↑ Iconic Roles and the Stars Who Regret Turning Them Down. Celebs.Answers.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved on April 1, 2014.
13. ↑ Forbes staff. "Star Misses – 4) Forrest Gump Starring ... John Travolta", Forbes, February 25, 2009. Retrieved on October 20, 2010.
14. ↑ Alexander (July 5, 2019). Is there a real Forrest Gump? 25 years after Tom Hanks' film, we have answers. USA Today. Retrieved on August 14, 2023.
15. ↑ ^{15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3} Mal. "Show Some Gumption Hanks Excels in Tale of a Simple Man's Brushes with Fame" (Fee required), The Virginian-Pilot, July 6, 1994. Retrieved on July 1, 2009. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "HankSign" defined multiple times with different content
16. ↑ Hewitt. "No Oscar nom for Tom? 7 of the best Tom Hanks movies to remind you how talented he is", Star Tribune, March 3, 2021. Retrieved on March 11, 2021.
17. ↑ Grimes. "Following the Star Of a Winsome Idiot", The New York Times, September 1, 1994. Retrieved on November 16, 2013.
18. ↑ Secrets behind the infamous 'Forrest Gump' running scene (September 5, 2014). Archived from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved on August 2, 2022.
19. ↑ 25 Facts About Forrest Gump. Archived from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved on August 2, 2022.
20. ↑ ^{20.0 20.1} Wiser. "Might-have-beens who (thankfully) weren't: The wacky world of Hollywood's strangest casting calls" (Fee required), Chicago Sun-Times, December 17, 2006. Retrieved on July 1, 2009.
21. ↑ Boucher. "On the Trail of a Hollywood Hyphenate; Rapper/Actor/Writer/Producer/Director. Is There Room For Anything Else on Ice Cube's Resume?", Los Angeles Times, March 26, 2000. Retrieved on October 20, 2010.
22. ↑ Tupac Shakur Auditioned for an Iconic Movie Role That Went to Tom Hanks (July 28, 2021). Archived from the original on October 27, 2022. Retrieved on October 27, 2022.
23. ↑ McKenna. "He's Serious About This One For Tom Hanks, it's been a long ride from 'Splash' to 'Philadelphia,' in which the likable comedy actor plays an AIDS patient who's fired from his job" (Fee required), Los Angeles Times, December 19, 1993. Retrieved on June 13, 2010.
24. ↑ Must-see sites abound along Blue Ridge Parkway – The Indiana Gazette Online: Indiana County Area News.
25. ↑ Smith. "Island getaway is motion-picture perfect", St. Petersburg Times.
26. ↑ Grandfather Mountain audio tour
27. ↑ ^{27.0 27.1} Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DVDProdDesign
28. ↑ D'Arc (2010). When Hollywood came to town: a history of moviemaking in Utah, 1st, Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. ISBN 9781423605874. 
29. ↑ Mills. "In 'Forrest Gump,' Historical Figures Speak for Themselves" (Fee required), Chicago Tribune, July 8, 1994. Retrieved on June 13, 2010.
30. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DVDEnhanReal
31. ↑ Lyall. "It's 'Forrest Gump' vs. Harrumph", The New York Times, July 31, 1994. Retrieved on October 21, 2010.
32. ↑ Corliss. "The World According to Gump", Time, August 1, 1994. Retrieved on October 20, 2010.
33. ↑ Byers (1996). "History Re-Membered: Forrest Gump, Postfeminist Masculinity, and the Burial of the Counterculture". Modern Fiction Studies 42 (2): 419–444. DOI:10.1353/mfs.1995.0102. 
34. ↑ Ebert. "Forrest Gump", Chicago Sun-Times, July 6, 1994. Retrieved on October 20, 2010.
35. ↑ ^{35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3} Wang (Spring 2000). ""A Struggle of Contending Stories": Race, Gender, and Political Memory in Forrest Gump". Cinema Journal 39 (3): 92–102. DOI:10.1353/cj.2000.0009. Templeeti:ProQuest.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WangStruggle" defined multiple times with different content
36. ↑ Quillen. "Why are modern conservatives so enchanted with Forrest Gump?", The Denver Post, May 7, 1995.
37. ↑ "The Best Conservative Movies", National Review, February 23, 2009. Retrieved on 1 December 2022.
38. ↑ Miller. "The Best Conservative Movies", National Review, February 23, 2009. Retrieved on October 21, 2010.
39. ↑ ^{39.0 39.1 39.2} Rice. "Songs Set the Mood for 'Gump'", Gainesville Sun, August 14, 1994. Retrieved on July 3, 2009. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SongMood" defined multiple times with different content
40. ↑ Top Albums at the Recording Industry Association of America. Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on June 19, 2004. Retrieved on July 1, 2009.
41. ↑ Sciretta. "9/11 Killed the Forrest Gump Sequel", /Film, December 7, 2008. Retrieved on October 21, 2010.
42. ↑ Tyler (March 7, 2007). Forrest Gump Gets A Sequel. Cinema Blend. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. Retrieved on October 21, 2010.
43. ↑ Groom (1996). Gump & Co.. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-52264-3. 
44. ↑ Aamir Khan's Laal Singh Chaddha to have a special screening for Tom Hanks. Filmfare (April 4, 2022). Retrieved on April 4, 2022.