Bintulu

Bintulu

Ama

Oge/afọ mmalite	1862
mba/obodo	Malaysia
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpaghara	Sarawak
dị na / na njirimara ahụrụ ányá	Borneo
nhazi ọnọdụ	3°10′12″N 113°1′48″E
òtù nlekọta ejima	Singkawang
webụsaịtị	http://www.bda.gov.my/

Bintulu bụ obodo dị n'ụsọ osimiri dị n'agwaetiti Borneo na mpaghara etiti Sarawak, Malaysia.  Bintulu dị kilomita 610 (kilomita 380) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kuching, kilomita 216 (kilomita 134) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Sibu, na 200 kilomita (120 kilomita) ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Miri.  N'ịbụ nke ndị bi na 114,058 dị ka nke 2010, Bintulu bụ isi obodo Bintulu District nke Bintulu Division nke Sarawak, Malaysia.

Aha Bintulu sitere n'asụsụ obodo "Mentu Ulau" (ndị isi).  Bintulu bụ obere obodo na-akụ azụ mgbe Rajah James Brooke nwetara ya na 1861. Brooke mechara wuo ebe siri ike na 1862. N'afọ 1867, a kpọkọtara ọgbakọ General Council nke mbụ (nke bụzi Sarawak State Legislative Assembly) na Bintulu.  Ọ bụ usoro ndị omebe iwu steeti mbụ na Malaysia.  Owuwu nke ọdụ ụgbọ elu mbụ na Bintulu malitere na 1934 mana a kwụsịrị na 1938 n'ihi ụkọ ego.  N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị agha jikọrọ aka tụrụ bọmbụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ.  Ndị Briten mechara wughachi ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ, ọ malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na 1955. E ji ọdụ ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ dochie ọdụ ụgbọ elu ochie ahụ na 2002. Bintulu nọgidere bụrụ obodo na-akụ azụ̀ ruo 1969 mgbe a chọtara mmanụ na gas dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri.  Kemgbe ahụ, Bintulu abụrụla ebe etiti ụlọ ọrụ ike ike dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Malaysia LNG, ụlọ ọrụ Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis, na ụlọ ọrụ ike okirikiri Bintulu jikọtara ọnụ.  Akụ na ụba agbasawanyela n'ubi nkwụ na ọhịa, nhazi mmanụ nkwụ, nhazi osisi, na imepụta ciment.  Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Bintulu bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha na Sarawak.  Obodo a bụkwa ọnụ ụzọ Samalajau Industrial Park.

N'etiti ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị na Bintulu bụ Similajau National Park, Tumbina Park, Tanjung Batu beach, Jepak village, Kuan Yin Tong temple, Assyakirin mosque, Council Negri monument, Tamu Bintulu, na Pasar Utama markets. A na-eme emume ụgbọ elu nke Borneo International kwa afọ n'obodo ahụ.

N'ime narị afọ nke iri na isii, ndị na-ese map Portuguese kpọrọ Bintulu "River de Burulu".^[1] E nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbe ochie gbara aha Bintulu gburugburu. N'oge usoro ndị eze Brooke, ụmụ amaala na-achụ nta isi iji nọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ ha n'obodo. Ha tụbara isi ndị ahụ n'ime Osimiri Kemena, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a ga-anakọta isi ndị ahụ na osimiri ahụ. A maara omume nke ịnakọta isi dị ka "Metuk Ulow" (ịhọrọ isi) n'asụsụ obodo.^[2][3] Akụkọ ọzọ na-akọ na ndị agha Iban abụọ aha ha bụ Berengik na Jaleb wuru ụlọ n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ. Ha na ndị na-eso ụzọ ha na-echekwa isi ndị e gburu egbu n'akụkụ obere iyi nke si na Osimiri Sebezaw pụọ n'ihi na osimiri ahụ dị larịị ma obosara. Ya mere, a kpọrọ obere iyi ahụ "Metuk Ulow".^[4] Ndị si n'èzí bịara Bintulu mechara kpọọ aha ahụ "Mentulau", ma mesịa aha ahụ ghọọ "Bentulu" na, n'ikpeazụ, "Bintulu".

A họpụtara James Brooke dị ka White Rajah nke Sarawak (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Kuching) site na Alaeze Ukwu Bruneian na 1841. N'afọ 1861, Sultanate nke Brunei nyere Brooke mpaghara Bintulu.^[5][6] Bintulu bụ obere obodo n'oge ahụ. E wuru ụlọ elu e ji osisi rụọ nke a na-akpọ Fort Keppel n'ime obodo ahụ, nke a gụrụ aha Sir Henry Keppel, onye bụ ezigbo enyi Rajah James na Charles Brooke.^[7] Sir Henry Keppel bụ onye na-ahụ maka imebi ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri Dayak na Saribas n'etiti 1840 na 1850.^[8] Ka ọ dịgodị, Charles Brooke bụ nwa nwanne James Brooke ma mesịa bụrụ onye nọchiri ya dị ka Rajah nke abụọ nke Sarawak. Odoardo Beccari, onye Ịtali na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ, gara Bintulu na 1867. N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọ malitere njem ya n'ụgbọ mmiri a na-akpọ "Heartsease", nke ga-eziga $ 6,000 na Brunei maka nkwenye a na-enye James Brooke na mpaghara Mukah na Bintulu. Ọ gara Labuan tupu ọ laghachi Bintulu. Ọ kwụsịrị na Osimiri Kemena na 13 Ọgọst 1867. E dekọrọ ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara banyere obodo ahụ dị ka ndị a:^[9]   E wuru ụlọ ndị Melanau n'ahịrị n'akụkụ abụọ nke Osimiri Kemena, nke a na-arụkarị site na nkwụ Nipah na Sago.  Ụlọ nke ọ bụla nwere ntụle nke ya n'ọnụ ụzọ osimiri, bụ nke a na-eji edozi nkwụ Sago.^[9] Na 8 Septemba 1867, nzukọ mbụ nke Sarawak General Council (nke bụzi Sarawak State Legislative Assembly) mere ebe a. Ọ mejupụtara ndị otu obodo 21 a họpụtara ahọpụta (ndị isi Britain ise na ndị isi obodo Malay na Melanau iri na isii). Ọ bụ Raja Muda Charles Brooke guzobere kansụl ahụ n'okpuru iwu sitere n'aka Rajah James Brooke. Kansụl ahụ bụ ụlọ omebe iwu steeti kachasị ochie na Malaysia.^[10][11][12]

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Rajah Charles Vyner Brooke nyere iwu ka e wuo ọdụ ụgbọ elu na Kuching, Oya, Mukah, Bintulu, na Miri.  A malitere ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu Bintulu na 1934 n'okpuru nduzi nke C. W. Bailey, onye nyocha ọrụ na ihe owuwu maka British Royal Air Force (RAF).  E wuchara ọdụ ụgbọ elu niile ma e wezụga ọdụ ụgbọ elu Bintulu, bụ́ ebe a kwụsịrị ịrụ ya n’October 1938 n’ihi ego.^[13] Ndị agha Japan rutere na Miri na 16 Disemba 1941. Sarawak dara n'aka ndị Japan mgbe ha meriri Kuching na 24 Disemba 1941. Mgbe ndị Japan wakporo Sarawak, Charles Vyner Brooke agaala Sydney (Australia) tupu mwakpo ahụ mgbe ndị Japan jidere ndị isi ya ma tinye ha n'ogige Batu Lintang.^[14] N'oge ndị Japan bi, ndị Japan jiri ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ mee ihe maka ebumnuche agha. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha jikọrọ aka tụrụ bọmbụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ. Ndị Britain malitere iwughachi ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị; n'oge ọrụ ahụ, a chọpụtara ọtụtụ bọmbụ ndị na-agbawaghị agbawa.^[15]

Na 5 Septemba 1942, Onye Ọchịchị Japan Field Marshal Prince Maida (前田利为) banyere ụgbọ elu si Kuching gaa Labuan iji na-elekọta ọdụ ụgbọ elu nke bu aha ya.  Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bịarutere.^[16][17][18] Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a chọpụtara na ụgbọelu ahụ dara n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Tanjung Batu, Bintulu. A maghị ihe kpatara ihe mberede ụgbọelu ahụ. Ndị Japan mechara guzobe ihe ncheta osisi nke e ji osisi Belian mee na Bintulu. Ezinụlọ Prince Maida mechara weghachite osisi ahụ na Japan.^[15][19]

Ndị Japan gwara ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ ịwa osisi na Sibu na Bintulu ka ha rụpụta osisi maka ịrụzi n'ebe mmanụ na ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri.  N'oge ndị Japan nọ na-arụ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ ịwa osisi dị na Bintulu rụpụtara ngụkọta nke osisi sawn 4,000.^[20]

1. ↑ Broek (1962). "Place Names in 16th and 17th Century Borneo". Imago Mundi 16 (1). DOI:10.1080/03085696208592208. 
2. ↑ "Penyelidikan dan kajian dijalankan untuk mendokumentasi sejarah Bintulu (Research and studies conducted to document the history of Bintulu)", The Borneo Post, 23 October 2012. Retrieved on 5 June 2015. (in ms)
3. ↑ De Ledesma (2003). Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei. Rough Guides. ISBN 9781843530947. Retrieved on 5 April 2016. “The name "Bintulu" is, in fact, derived from the Vaie "Metuk Ulow" – "the place for picking up heads"; before Bintulu was bought by Charles Brooke from the Sultan of Brunei in 1853, Melanau pirates preyed on the local coast, attacking passing ships and decapitating their crews.” 
4. ↑ Bintulu di hatiku – Sejarah (Bintulu in my heart – History) (ms). Cats FM blog. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved on 5 June 2015.
5. ↑ History. Bintulu Development Authority (BDA). Archived from the original on 31 May 2015. Retrieved on 1 June 2015.
6. ↑ "Chronology of Sarawak throughout the Brooke Era to Malaysia Day", The Borneo Post, 16 September 2011. Retrieved on 1 June 2015.
7. ↑ Steven (2010). The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-06168-1. Retrieved on 3 June 2015. “The fort built at Bintulu was called Fort Keppel, after the first Rajah's old friend” 
8. ↑ Bakar. "The story behind the state's streets and roads", The Star (Malaysia), 1 March 2011. Retrieved on 3 June 2015.
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1} Beccari (1904). Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo. London: Archibald Constable & Co Ltd, 242, 256, 257. Retrieved on 4 June 2015. 
10. ↑ "Melanau association resents Bintulu being called 'poor town'", The Borneo Post, 2 September 2012. Retrieved on 1 June 2015. “Bintulu is the energy town that has become the biggest provider of the nation’s wealth.”
11. ↑ Bintulu – Places of Interest. Bintulu Development Authority. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved on 19 July 2015.
12. ↑ Hot Spots. isarawak.com.my. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved on 1 June 2015.
13. ↑ L (1999–2000). The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942. Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015.
14. ↑ The Japanese Occupation (1941–1945). The Sarawak Government. Retrieved on 3 November 2015.
15. ↑ ^{15.0 15.1} Mohamed. "Reminiscing the old Bintulu", The Borneo Post, 16 September 2014. Retrieved on 7 June 2015.
16. ↑ 松鼠助建國‧英女王巧遇哪吒‧神怪傳說豐富貓城 (The squirrel that helped to build the country – British Queen encountered Nezha by chance – Legend of the genie – Rich cat city) (zh). Guang Ming Daily (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved on 7 June 2015.
17. ↑ 当年浮罗岸地标 – 华侨青年社 变娥殿大戏院 (The then Padungan landmark was the Chinese Youth Community Centre before it became DEON Cinema.). International Times (Sarawak). Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved on 7 June 2015.
18. ↑ "Kuching is not the City of the Cat", The Sarawak Gazette, 1 June 1948, p. 122. Retrieved on 7 June 2015. “Shortly afterwards, Field Marshal Prince Maida, cousin of the Emperor Sun God and Generalissimo, fell miserably to earth in a crashed plane somewhere around Miri.”
19. ↑ Yussop. My Bintulu History. My Bintulu History. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved on 7 June 2015.
20. ↑ Ooi (2010). The Japanese Occupation of Borneo, 1941–1945. Routledge. ISBN 9781136963094. Retrieved on 7 June 2015.