Lavale Lidder

Lidder Valley oswa Liddar Valley ^[1] se yon ti vale Himalayan ki fòme nan kwen sidès distri Anantnag nan Kashmir ki te administre Endyen an.^[2] Rivyè Lidder koule desann nan vale a. Antreki mennen nan vale a twouve l 7 km nan nòdès soti nan vil Anantnag ak 6km sidès soti nan Srinagar, kapital ete Jammu ak Kashmir. Li se yon fon ravin ki gen 40 kilomèt longè^[3] ak yon lajè mwayèn 3km.

Lidder Valley a sitiye nan jiridiksyon Pahalgam tehsil, nan distri Anantnag . Li fè fas ak Kashmir Valley nan lwès, ak Sind Valley nan nò, ^[4] epi li kouvri yon longè 40. km. Li gen yon lajè maksimòm 5 km. Basen Lidder antoure sou sid ak sidès pa Pir Panjal Range, sou nò ak Sind Valley ak sou nòdès pa Zaskar Range . Basen drenaj Lidder la gen yon zòn 1134 km ². ^[5] Li fòme pa koule nan larivyè Lefrat la ki koule nan yon fon ki gen fòm Y, amont Pahagam larivyè Lefrat la diverge nan East Lidder ak West Lidder. Lidder Lès la ki rive nan direksyon lès soti nan Pahalgam moute sot pase Chandanwari ak koule soti nan lès nan lwès kòmanse nan zòn nan nan Sheshnag Lake ak Glasye a Shisram. ^[6] Lidder Lwès la soti nan Glasye Kolhoi ^{[3], [7]} epi li kouri nan forè rezineuz vèt nan anpil meadows alpine. Lidder Valley bay rezèv dlo fre nan lòt distri ak irigasyon pou agrikilti. Larivyè Lefrat Lidder la ap koule nan tout vale a, pase plizyè bòn tè natirèl ak tach touris, tankou Aru, Pahalgam, Betab Valley ak Akad. Vil prensipal yo nan Lidder Valley yo se Mandlan, Laripora, Phraslun, Ashmuqam ak Seer Hamdan. ^[8]

Lidder Valley a te fòme pandan plizyè milyon ane lè Rivyè Lidder te koupe nan mòn Himalayan yo. Jodi a, rivyè a kontinye depoze fèy sab nan zòn ki pi ba yo nan Anantnag. ^[9] Pwosesis ewozyon gradyèl te lave lwen forè fwontyè ak kreye gwo twou san fon nan anpil kote.

Lidder Valley a gen anpil rivyè ki manje glasye, epi aflu Lidder River yo genyen diferan kalite Twit. ^[10] Fon an se abita natirèl Himalayan lous nwa a . Lous mawon Himalayan, sèf mosk, leyopa nèj ak hangul yo te wè tou nan zòn Aru ak Lidderwat, ki tou pre Dachigam National Park .^[8],[11]

1. ↑ Kaul, Manmohan N., Glacial and Fluvial Geomorphology of Western Himalaya, South Asia Books, 1990, p. 23, (ISBN 978-8170222446)
2. ↑ Parmanand Parashar (2004). Kashmir The Paradise Of Asia. Sarup & Sons, 2004. p. 97–. ISBN 9788176255189. Retrieved 20 jen 2012. 
3. ↑ ^3,0 et ^3,1 M.S. Kohli (1983). The Himalayas: Play Ground of the Gods Trekking, Climbing, Adventure. Indus Publishing, 1983. p. 45–. ISBN 9788173871078. Retrieved 20 jen 2012. 
4. ↑ Subodh Kapoor (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: Gautami Ganga -Himmat Bahadur. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd, 2002. p. 178–. ISBN 9788177552669. Retrieved 20 jen 2012. 
5. ↑ Kanth, T.A., Aijaz Ahmad Shah and Zahoor ul Hassan; Geomorphologic Character & Receding Trend of Kolahoi Glacier in Kashmir Himalaya, Recent Research in Science and Technology 2011, 3(9): 68-73 Modèl:Webarchive, (ISSN 2076-5061)
6. ↑ Kaul, Manmohan N., Glacial and Fluvial Geomorphology of Western Himalaya, South Asia Books, 1990, p. 23, (ISBN 978-8170222446)
7. ↑ N. Ahmed and N. H. Hashimi (1974). « Glacial History of Kolahoi Glacier, Kashmir, India » (PDF). Journal of Glaciology 13 (68): 279. Bibcode:1974JGlac..13..279A. doi:10.1017/S002214300002308X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2012-04-16. 
8. ↑ ^8,0 et ^8,1 « Pahalgam ». anantnag.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2012-06-20. 
9. ↑ Sir Walter Roper Lawrence (1895). The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services, 1895. p. 47–. ISBN 9788120616301. Retrieved 20 jen 2012. 
10. ↑ R.B.Singh (1990). Environmental geography. Heritage Publishers, 1990. p. 230–. ISBN 9788170260622. Retrieved 20 jen 2012. 
11. ↑ Trevor Drieberg (1978). Jammu and Kashmir: a tourist guide. Vikas Pub. House, 1978. p. –. ISBN 9780706905755. Retrieved 20 jen 2012.