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Harshen Warembori

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Harshen Warembori
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 wsa
Glottolog ware1253[1]

Warembori (Sunan asali Waremboivoro) yare ne mai mutuwa wanda kusan mutane 600 ke magana a ƙauyen Warembori, Gundumar Mamberamo Hilir, Mamberamo Raya Regency, wanda ke kusa da bakin kogi (ciki har da bakin Kogin Warembari) a arewacin Indonesia_province)" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Papua (Indonesian province)">Papua, Indonesia .

Rarrabawar tana cikin jayayya. Mark Donohue yana tunanin yana da alaƙa da Yoke, tare da kafa iyalin Lower Mamberamo. A cikin jerin kalmomi 200, suna da kashi 33%. Har ila yau akwai wasu kamanceceniya na harshe. A cewar Donohue, Warembori yana da tasiri sosai daga harsunan Austronesian zuwa yamma, a cikin ƙamus da ƙamus, Yoke ba shi da tasiri daga gare su. Masu bincike baya-bayan nan (Dunn & Reesink, Foley, Kamholz) sun rarraba Warembori da Yoke a matsayin yarukan Austronesian na papuanised. Malcolm Ross ya bar Yoke ba tare da an rarraba shi ba saboda rashin bayanai, a bayyane yake yana nufin gaskiyar cewa Donohue bai buga sunayen masu zaman kansu a cikin Yoke ba. Ya buga prefixes na batutuwa a kan kalmomi, waɗanda suke da kama da Warembori, kuma prefixes guda ɗaya suna da kama da harsunan iyali na Kwerba guda biyu, wato Kauwera da Airoran, suna ba da shawarar ko dai aro ko dangantaka mai nisa ga Kwerba, kodayake dangin Kwerba ba su da kusan ƙamus tare da iyalin Lower Mamberamo. Ƙananan ƙididdigar Mamberamo suna kama da Austronesian, kamar yadda ƙididdigan abu na jam'i kuma, aƙalla a cikin Warembori, sunayen masu zaman kansu na jam'iyya.

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sautin sautin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A gaba Komawa
Babba i u
Tsakanin e o
Ƙananan a

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Biyuwa Alveolar Palatal Velar
Dakatar da Rashin murya p t k
Magana b d
"Mai nauyi" Sanyab An tsara shi
Hanci Magana m n
"Mai nauyi" Sanya An tsara shi
Fricative (β) s
Rhotic (r)
Semivowel w j

An fahimci jerin /nk/ a matsayin [ŋɡ].

Hasken da aka bayyana ya tsaya /b d/ Lenite zuwa [β r] tsakanin wasula a cikin kalma. Tsayawa mai nauyi ba lenite ba ne.

Lokacin da hanci ya biyo bayan wani nauyi mai nauyi, ana tsawaita shi, watau /mːb/ [mːb] /nːd/ [nːd]. Lokacin da ba a bi shi da tsayawa ba, hanci mai nauyi yana da tsawo kuma an riga shi da Rufewar ƙuƙwalwa, watau /[[[[[[[[]]]]]] /[[]]]]] Har ila yau, ƙididdigar ƙira suna jan hankalin damuwa.

Wasu ƙananan nau'i-nau'i na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu nauyi sune: ::502

  • bo 'baki', Shaan 'ƙaya'
  • wani labari 'crocodile', aʹne 'jungle'

Harshen harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wakilan masu zaman kansu sune:

S.G. daga. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]
Har ila yau, iwi amui ami
Sai dai. kui ki
2 awi mui mi
3 yi tui ti

The dual pronouns are derived from the plural via the infix Samfuri:Angle bracket. This parallels the nearby Austronesian Cenderawasih languages, which derive the dual from the plural with du or ru, from *Dua 'two'. The plural pronouns ami, ki, mi, ti, in turn, appear to be Austronesian in origin, from *kami, *kita, *kamiu, *siDa (the latter via *tira). Although 3sg yi might also derive from Austronesian *ia, 1sg iwi and 2sc awi, the most basic pronouns, have no parallel in Austronesian. However, the basic pronouns iwi, awi, yi, ki, mi, ti resemble Yoke eβu, 'aβu, iβu, kiβu, miβu, siβu, illustrating the strong Austronesian influence on both languages.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da sunaye kusan iri ɗaya ne da abubuwan da ke tattaren su a kan aikatau. Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade ma suna da kama da juna; tsarin yana kusa da na Yoke, ban da bambancin da ya haɗa da na musamman wanda ba a cika shi gaba ɗaya ba a cikin yanayin masu mallaka.

Kasancewa da mallaka Batun Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su
1sg e- i-, e-, ja- -ewi, -e (o)
2sg a- u-, wa-, a- -awi, -a (o)
3sg i-, da kuma i-, ja- -i, -i (o)
1 Na farko Aboki Aboki-, Ama- -mo, -m (o)
1in ki-, ke- ki-, ka-, ke- -ki, -k (o)
2pl mi-, ni- mi-, ma-, ni- -mi, -m (o)
3pl ka-, ka- ka-, ka-, ka- -ti, -t (o)

Kalmomin Warembori da Yoke kusan iri ɗaya ne da 1sg e-, 2sg a-, 3sg i- na yarukan Kwerba Kauwera da Airoran. Koyaya, Kwerba ba shi da ƙamus na asali da ya dace da iyalin Lower Mamberamo fiye da abin da ake tsammani ta hanyar sa'a.

Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An rubuta Warembori a cikin haruffa na Latin wanda ya dogara da Indonesian. Yana wakiltar bambance-bambance na phonetic, maimakon phonemic. Musamman:

  • v-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAWg" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/b/ [β] an rubuta shi v
  • <span class="IPA nowr" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"/d/ [r]"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAWw" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/d/ [r] an rubuta r
  • /nk/ [ŋɡ] an rubuta shi qillSannu a cikin

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Warembori". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.