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An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.
Linting the CPython codebase from scratch.
- ⚡️ 10-100x faster than existing linters (like Flake8) and formatters (like Black)
- 🐍 Installable via
pip - 🛠️
pyproject.tomlsupport - 🤝 Python 3.12 compatibility
- ⚖️ Drop-in parity with Flake8, isort, and Black
- 📦 Built-in caching, to avoid re-analyzing unchanged files
- 🔧 Fix support, for automatic error correction (e.g., automatically remove unused imports)
- 📏 Over 700 built-in rules, with native re-implementations of popular Flake8 plugins, like flake8-bugbear
- ⌨️ First-party editor integrations for VS Code and more
- 🌎 Monorepo-friendly, with hierarchical and cascading configuration
Ruff aims to be orders of magnitude faster than alternative tools while integrating more functionality behind a single, common interface.
Ruff can be used to replace Flake8 (plus dozens of plugins), Black, isort, pydocstyle, pyupgrade, autoflake, and more, all while executing tens or hundreds of times faster than any individual tool.
Ruff is extremely actively developed and used in major open-source projects like:
...and many more.
Ruff is backed by Astral. Read the launch post, or the original project announcement.
Sebastián Ramírez, creator of FastAPI:
Ruff is so fast that sometimes I add an intentional bug in the code just to confirm it's actually running and checking the code.
Nick Schrock, founder of Elementl, co-creator of GraphQL:
Why is Ruff a gamechanger? Primarily because it is nearly 1000x faster. Literally. Not a typo. On our largest module (dagster itself, 250k LOC) pylint takes about 2.5 minutes, parallelized across 4 cores on my M1. Running ruff against our entire codebase takes .4 seconds.
Bryan Van de Ven, co-creator of Bokeh, original author of Conda:
Ruff is ~150-200x faster than flake8 on my machine, scanning the whole repo takes ~0.2s instead of ~20s. This is an enormous quality of life improvement for local dev. It's fast enough that I added it as an actual commit hook, which is terrific.
Timothy Crosley, creator of isort:
Just switched my first project to Ruff. Only one downside so far: it's so fast I couldn't believe it was working till I intentionally introduced some errors.
Tim Abbott, lead developer of Zulip:
This is just ridiculously fast...
ruffis amazing.
For more, see the documentation.
For more, see the documentation.
Ruff is available as ruff on PyPI:
pip install ruffYou can also install Ruff via Homebrew, Conda, and with a variety of other package managers.
To run Ruff as a linter, try any of the following:
ruff check . # Lint all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).
ruff check path/to/code/ # Lint all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).
ruff check path/to/code/*.py # Lint all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.
ruff check path/to/code/to/file.py # Lint `file.py`.
ruff check @arguments.txt # Lint using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.Or, to run Ruff as a formatter:
ruff format . # Format all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).
ruff format path/to/code/ # Format all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).
ruff format path/to/code/*.py # Format all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.
ruff format path/to/code/to/file.py # Format `file.py`.
ruff format @arguments.txt # Format using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.Ruff can also be used as a pre-commit hook via ruff-pre-commit:
- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
# Ruff version.
rev: v0.1.5
hooks:
# Run the linter.
- id: ruff
args: [ --fix ]
# Run the formatter.
- id: ruff-formatRuff can also be used as a VS Code extension or alongside any other editor through the Ruff LSP.
Ruff can also be used as a GitHub Action via
ruff-action:
name: Ruff
on: [ push, pull_request ]
jobs:
ruff:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- uses: chartboost/ruff-action@v1Ruff can be configured through a pyproject.toml, ruff.toml, or .ruff.toml file (see:
Configuration, or Settings
for a complete list of all configuration options).
If left unspecified, Ruff's default configuration is equivalent to:
< 8000 div class="highlight highlight-source-toml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[tool.ruff] # Exclude a variety of commonly ignored directories. exclude = [ ".bzr", ".direnv", ".eggs", ".git", ".git-rewrite", ".hg", ".mypy_cache", ".nox", ".pants.d", ".pytype", ".ruff_cache", ".svn", ".tox", ".venv", "__pypackages__", "_build", "buck-out", "build", "dist", "node_modules", "venv", ] # Same as Black. line-length = 88 indent-width = 4 # Assume Python 3.8 target-version = "py38" [tool.ruff.lint] # Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`) codes by default. select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F"] ignore = [] # Allow fix for all enabled rules (when `--fix`) is provided. fixable = ["ALL"] unfixable = [] # Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed. dummy-variable-rgx = "^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$" [tool.ruff.format] # Like Black, use double quotes for strings. quote-style = "double" # Like Black, indent with spaces, rather than tabs. indent-style = "space" # Like Black, respect magic trailing commas. skip-magic-trailing-comma = false # Like Black, automatically detect the appropriate line ending. line-ending = "auto"">[tool.ruff] # Exclude a variety of commonly ignored directories. exclude = [ ".bzr", ".direnv", ".eggs", ".git", ".git-rewrite", ".hg", ".mypy_cache", ".nox", ".pants.d", ".pytype", ".ruff_cache", ".svn", ".tox", ".venv", "__pypackages__", "_build", "buck-out", "build", "dist", "node_modules", "venv", ] # Same as Black. line-length = 88 indent-width = 4 # Assume Python 3.8 target-version = "py38" [tool.ruff.lint] # Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`) codes by default. select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F"] ignore = [] # Allow fix for all enabled rules (when `--fix`) is provided. fixable = ["ALL"] unfixable = [] # Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed. dummy-variable-rgx = "^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$" [tool.ruff.format] # Like Black, use double quotes for strings. quote-style = "double" # Like Black, indent with spaces, rather than tabs. indent-style = "space" # Like Black, respect magic trailing commas. skip-magic-trailing-comma = false # Like Black, automatically detect the appropriate line ending. line-ending = "auto"