Scottish essayist, historian, and social critic
Thomas Carlyle was a prominent figure in Victorian literature and thought. Born in Ecclefechan, Scotland, he rose to become a leading intellectual of his time. Carlyle's early work focused on translations of German literature and biographies. His major publications, including Sartor Resartus (1833-34), The French Revolution (1837), and On Heroes (1841), explored themes of history, society, and morality in a unique and often controversial style. His writings significantly influenced 19th-century art, literature, and philosophy.