SockJS family:
- SockJS-client JavaScript client library
- SockJS-node Node.js server
- SockJS-erlang Erlang server
- SockJS-tornado Python/Tornado server
- vert.x Java/vert.x server
Work in progress:
- SockJS-ruby
- SockJS-netty
- SockJS-gevent (SockJS-gevent fork)
- pyramid-SockJS
- wildcloud-websockets
- SockJS-cyclone
- SockJS-twisted
- wai-SockJS
- SockJS-perl
- SockJS-go
SockJS is a browser JavaScript library that provides a WebSocket-like object. SockJS gives you a coherent, cross-browser, Javascript API which creates a low latency, full duplex, cross-domain communication channel between the browser and the web server.
Under the hood SockJS tries to use native WebSockets first. If that fails it can use a variety of browser-specific transport protocols and presents them through WebSocket-like abstractions.
SockJS is intended to work for all modern browsers and in environments which don't support WebSocket protcol, for example behind restrictive corporate proxies.
SockJS-client does require a server counterpart:
- SockJS-node is a SockJS server for Node.js.
Philosophy:
- The API should follow HTML5 Websockets API as closely as possible.
- All the transports must support cross domain connections out of the box. It's possible and recommended to host SockJS server on different server than your main web site.
- There is a support for at least one streaming protocol for every major browser.
- Streaming transports should work cross-domain and should support cookies (for cookie-based sticky sessions).
- Polling transports are be used as a fallback for old browsers and hosts behind restrictive proxies.
- Connection establishment should be fast and lightweight.
- No Flash inside (no need to open port 843 - which doesn't work through proxies, no need to host 'crossdomain.xml', no need to wait for 3 seconds in order to detect problems)
Subscribe to SockJS mailing list for discussions and support.
SockJS comes with some QUnit tests and a few smoke tests (using SockJS-node on the server side). At the moment they are deployed in few places:
- http://sockjs.popcnt.org/ and https://sockjs.popcnt.org/ (hosted in Europe)
- http://sockjs.cloudfoundry.com/ (CloudFoundry, websockets disabled, loadbalanced)
- https://sockjs.cloudfoundry.com/ (CloudFoundry SSL, websockets disabled, loadbalanced)
SockJS mimics WebSockets API
but instead of WebSocket there is a SockJS Javascript object.
First, you need to load SockJS JavaScript library, for example you can put that in your http head:
<script src="http://cdn.sockjs.org/sockjs-0.3.min.js">
</script>
After the script is loaded you can establish a connection with the SockJS server. Here's a simple example:
<script>
var sock = new SockJS('http://mydomain.com/my_prefix');
sock. {
console.log('open');
};
sock. {
console.log('message', e.data);
};
sock. {
console.log('close');
};
</script>Similar to 'WebSocket' class 'SockJS' constructor takes one, or more arguments:
var sockjs = new SockJS(url, _reserved, options);Where options is a hash which can contain:
-
debug (boolean)
Print some debugging messages using 'console.log'.
-
devel (boolean)
Development mode. Currently setting it disables caching of the 'iframe.html'.
-
protocols_whitelist (list of strings)
Sometimes it is useful to disable some fallback protocols. This option allows you to supply a list protocols that may be used by SockJS. By default all available protocols will be used, which is equivalent to supplying: "['websocket', 'xdr-streaming', 'xhr-streaming', 'iframe-eventsource', 'iframe-htmlfile', 'xdr-polling', 'xhr-polling', 'iframe-xhr-polling', 'jsonp-polling']"
Although the 'SockJS' object tries to emulate the 'WebSocket' behaviour, it's impossible to support all features. One of the important SockJS limitations is the fact that you're not allowed to open more than one SockJS connection to a single domain at a time. This limitation is caused by a in-browser limit of outgoing connections - usually browsers don't allow opening more than two outgoing connections to a single domain. Single SockJS session requires those two connections - one for downloading data, other for sending messages. Opening second SockJS session at the same time would most probably block and can result in both sessions timing out.
Opening more than one SockJS connection at a time is generally a bad practice. If you absolutely must do it, you can use mutliple subdomains, using different subdomain for every SockJS connection.
| Browser | Websockets | Streaming | Polling |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE 6, 7 | no | no | jsonp-polling |
| IE 8, 9 (cookies=no) | no | xdr-streaming † | xdr-polling † |
| IE 8, 9 (cookies=yes) | no | iframe-htmlfile | iframe-xhr-polling |
| IE 10 | rfc6455 | xhr-streaming | xhr-polling |
| Chrome 6-13 | hixie-76 | xhr-streaming | xhr-polling |
| Chrome 14+ | hybi-10 / rfc6455 | xhr-streaming | xhr-polling |
| Firefox <10 | no ‡ | xhr-streaming | xhr-polling |
| Firefox 10+ | hybi-10 / rfc6455 | xhr-streaming | xhr-polling |
| Safari 5 | hixie-76 | xhr-streaming | xhr-polling |
| Opera 10.70+ | no ‡ | iframe-eventsource | iframe-xhr-polling |
| Konqueror | no | no | jsonp-polling |
-
†: IE 8+ supports [XDomainRequest]1, which is esentially a modified AJAX/XHR that can do requests across domains. But unfortunately it doesn't send any cookies, which makes it inaproppriate for deployments when the load balancer uses JSESSIONID cookie to do sticky sessions.
-
‡: Firefox 4.0 and Opera 11.00 and shipped with disabled Websockets "hixie-76". They can still be enabled by manually changing a browser setting.
Sometimes you may want to serve your html from "file://" address - for development or if you're using PhoneGap or similar technologies. But due to the Cross Origin Policy files served from "file://" have no Origin, and that means some of SockJS transports won't work. For this reason the SockJS protocol table is different than usually, major differences are:
| Browser | Websockets | Streaming | Polling |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE 8, 9 | same as above | iframe-htmlfile | iframe-xhr-polling |
| Other | same as above | iframe-eventsource | iframe-xhr-polling |
| Transport | References |
|---|---|
| websocket (rfc6455) | [rfc 6455]2 |
| websocket (hixie-76) | [draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76]3 |
| websocket (hybi-10) | [draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-10]4 |
| xhr-streaming | Transport using [Cross domain XHR]5 [streaming]6 capability (readyState=3). |
| xdr-streaming | Transport using [XDomainRequest]1 [streaming]6 capability (readyState=3). |
| iframe-eventsource | [EventSource]7 used from an [iframe via postMessage]8. |
| iframe-htmlfile | [HtmlFile]9 used from an [iframe via postMessage]8. |
| xhr-polling | Long-polling using [cross domain XHR]5. |
| xdr-polling | Long-polling using [XDomainRequest]1. |
| iframe-xhr-polling | Long-polling using normal AJAX from an [iframe via postMessage]8. |
| jsonp-polling | Slow and old fashioned [JSONP polling]10. This transport will show "busy indicator" (aka: "spinning wheel") when sending data. |
Although the main point of SockJS it to enable browser-to-server connectivity, it is possible to connect to SockJS from an external application. Any SockJS server complying with 0.3 protocol does support a raw WebSocket url. The raw WebSocket url for the test server looks like:
- ws://localhost:8081/echo/websocket
You can connect any WebSocket RFC 6455 compliant WebSocket client to this url. This can be a command line client, external application, third party code or even a browser (though I don't know why you would want to do so).
In order to utilize best performance you should use the SockJS-client releases hosted on SockJS CDN. You should use a version of sockjs-client that supports the protocol used by your server. For example:
<script src="http://cdn.sockjs.org/sockjs-0.3.min.js">
</script>
A list of files hosted on a CDN is available here: http://sockjs.github.com/sockjs-client/ .
You can also use or CDN via https (using Cloud Front domain name):
<script src="https://d1fxtkz8shb9d2.cloudfront.net/sockjs-0.3.js">
</script>
For server-side deployment tricks, especially about load balancing and session stickiness, take a look at the SockJS-node readme.
SockJS-client needs Node.js for running a test server and JavaScript minification. If you want to work on SockJS-client source code, check out the git repo and follow this steps:
cd sockjs-client
npm install
npm install --dev
To generate JavaScript run:
make sockjs.js
To generate minified JavaScript run:
make sockjs.min.js
(To generate both run make build.)
Once you compiled SockJS-client you may want to check if your changes
pass all the tests. To run the tests you need a server that can answer
various SockJS requests. A common way is to use SockJS-node test
server for that. To run it (by default it will be listening on port 8081):
cd sockjs-node
npm install
npm install --dev
ln -s .. node_modules/sockjs
make build
make test_server
At this point you're ready to run a SockJS-client server that will server your freshly compiled JavaScript and various static http and javscript files (by default it will run on port 8080).
cd sockjs-client
make test
At that point you should have two web servers running: sockjs-node on 8081 and sockjs-client on 8080. When you open the browser on http://localhost:8080/ you should be able run the QUnit tests against your sockjs-node server.
If you look at your browser console you will see warnings like that:
Incompatibile SockJS! Main site uses: "a", the iframe: "b".
This is due to a fact that SockJS-node test server is using compiled
javascript from CDN, rather than your freshly compiled version. To fix
that you must amend sockjs_url that is used by SockJS-node test
server. Edit the config.js file:
vim sockjs-node/examples/test_server/config.js
And replace sockjs_url setting which by default points to CDN:
sockjs_url: 'http://cdn.sockjs.org/sockjs-0.3.min.js',
to a freshly compiled sockjs, for example:
sockjs_url: 'http://localhost:8080/lib/sockjs.js',
Also, if you want to run tests agains SockJS server not running on
localhost:8081 you may want to edit the
tests/config.js
file.
Additionally, if you're doing more serious development consider using
make serve, which will automatically reload the server when you
modify the source code.
There are various browser quirks which we don't intend to address:
- Pressing ESC in Firefox closes SockJS connection. For a workaround and discussion see #18.
- Jsonp-polling transport will show a "spinning wheel" (aka. "busy indicator") when sending data.
- You can't open more than one SockJS connection to one domain at the same time due to the browsers limit of consurrent connections (this limit is not counting native websockets connections).
- Although SockJS is trying to escape any strange Unicode characters (even invalid ones - like surrogates \xD800-\xDBFF or \xFFFE and \xFFFF) it's advisable to use only valid characters. Using invalid characters is a bit slower, and may not work with SockJS servers that have a proper Unicode support.
- Having a global function called
onmessageor such is probably a bad idea, as it could be called by the built-inpostMessageAPI. - From SockJS point of view there is nothing special about SSL/HTTPS. Connecting between unencrypted and encrypted sites should work just fine.
- Although SockJS does best to support both prefix and cookie based stick 7B82 y sessions, the latter may not work well cross-domain with browsers that don't accept third-party cookies by default (Safari). In order to get around this make sure you're connecting to sockjs from the same parent domain as the main site. For example 'sockjs.a.com' is able to set cookies if you're connecting from 'www.a.com' or 'a.com'.
- Trying to connect from secure "https://" to insecure "http://" is not good idea. The other way around should be fine.
- Long polling is known to cause problems on Heroku, but workaround for SockJS is available.
- Don't use "javascript:" links on a page that uses SockJS. For some reason clickling on this type of link breaks XDR/XHR requests on IE (see #90).
- SockJS websocket transport is more stable over SSL. If you're a serious SockJS user consider using SSL (more info).
Footnotes
-
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/05/13/xdomainrequest-restrictions-limitations-and-workarounds.aspx ↩ ↩2 ↩3
-
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76 ↩
-
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-10 ↩
-
https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/XMLHttpRequest#Cross-domain_requests ↩ ↩2
-
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/window.postMessage ↩ ↩2 ↩3
-
http://cometdaily.com/2007/11/18/ie-activexhtmlfile-transport-part-ii/ ↩