Learning Global and Local Features in Pretrained Remote Sensing Models
Galileo is a family of pretrained remote sensing models. These models have been pretrained on a diversity of remote sensing inputs, and perform well on a range of benchmark tasks. For more information, please see our paper.
Galileo can be loaded either from src, or from single_file_galileo.py for easy porting to other codebases:
from single_file_galileo import Encoder as SingleFileEncoder
from src.galileo import Encoder
src_model = Encoder.load_from_folder(DATA_FOLDER / "models/nano")
sf_model = SingleFileEncoder.load_from_folder(
DATA_FOLDER / "models/nano", device=torch.device("cpu")
)
for model_p, sf_model_p in zip(src_model.parameters(), sf_model.parameters()):
assert torch.equal(model_p, sf_model_p)The inputs to Galileo are described in the MaskedOutput:
class MaskedOutput(NamedTuple):
"""
A mask can take 3 values:
0: seen by the encoder (i.e. makes the key and value tokens in the decoder)
1: not seen by the encoder, and ignored by the decoder
2: not seen by the encoder, and processed by the decoder (the decoder's query values)
"""
space_time_x: torch.Tensor # [B, H, W, T, len(SPACE_TIME_BANDS)]
space_x: torch.Tensor # [B, H, W, len(SPACE_BANDS)]
time_x: torch.Tensor # [B, T, len(TIME_BANDS)]
static_x: torch.Tensor # [B, len(STATIC_BANDS)]
space_time_mask: torch.Tensor # [B, H, W, T, len(SPACE_TIME_BANDS_GROUPS_IDX)]
space_mask: torch.Tensor # [B, H, W, len(SPACE_BAND_GROUPS_IDX)]
time_mask: torch.Tensor # [B, T, len(TIME_BAND_GROUPS_IDX)]
static_mask: torch.Tensor # [B, len(STATIC_BAND_GROUPS_IDX)]
months: torch.Tensor # [B, T]Each of these bands are described in single_file_galileo.py.
Alternatively, a utility function is provided to transform the bands into MaskedOutput objects. This transformation is for a single instance (i.e. it omits the
from src.data.utils import S2_BANDS, construct_galileo_input
t, h, w = 2, 4, 4
s2 = torch.randn((t, h, w, len(S2_BANDS)))
masked_output = construct_galileo_input(s2=s2, normalize=normalize)The nano model weights are available on github.
Other model sizes (including nano) are available on huggingface.
If you find this code useful, please cite the following paper:
@misc{tseng2025galileolearninggloballocal,
title={Galileo: Learning Global and Local Features in Pretrained Remote Sensing Models},
author={Gabriel Tseng and Anthony Fuller and Marlena Reil and Henry Herzog and Patrick Beukema and Favyen Bastani and James R. Green and Evan Shelhamer and Hannah Kerner and David Rolnick},
year={2025},
eprint={2502.09356},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09356},
}