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Swahili

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic قَابَلَ (qābala).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-kabili (infinitive kukabili)

  1. to face, encounter
  2. to confront

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -kabili
Positive present -nakabili
Subjunctive -kabili
Negative -kabili
Imperative singular kabili
Infinitives
Positive kukabili
Negative kutokabili
Imperatives
Singular kabili
Plural kabilini
Tensed forms
Habitual hukabili
Positive past positive subject concord + -likabili
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukabili
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakabili)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakabili/nakabili tunakabili
2nd person unakabili mnakabili
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakabili wanakabili
other classes positive subject concord + -nakabili
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kabili)
Singular Plural
1st person sikabili hatukabili
2nd person hukabili hamkabili
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakabili hawakabili
other classes negative subject concord + -kabili
Positive future positive subject concord + -takabili
Negative future negative subject concord + -takabili
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kabili)
Singular Plural
1st person nikabili tukabili
2nd person ukabili mkabili
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akabili wakabili
other classes positive subject concord + -kabili
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikabili
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekabili
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekabili
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikabili
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikabili
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akabili)
Singular Plural
1st person nakabili twakabili
2nd person wakabili mwakabili
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akabili wakabili
m-mi(III/IV) wakabili yakabili
ji-ma(V/VI) lakabili yakabili
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakabili vyakabili
n(IX/X) yakabili zakabili
u(XI) wakabili see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakabili
pa(XVI) pakabili
mu(XVIII) mwakabili
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekabili
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakabili
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakabili
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikabili
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokabili
Consecutive kakabili / positive subject concord + -kakabili
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakabili
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nikabili -tukabili
2nd person -kukabili -wakabili/-kukabilini/-wakabilini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkabili -wakabili
m-mi(III/IV) -ukabili -ikabili
ji-ma(V/VI) -likabili -yakabili
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikabili -vikabili
n(IX/X) -ikabili -zikabili
u(XI) -ukabili see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kukabili
pa(XVI) -pakabili
mu(XVIII) -mukabili
Reflexive -jikabili
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kabili- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kabiliye -kabilio
m-mi(III/IV) -kabilio -kabiliyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kabililo -kabiliyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kabilicho -kabilivyo
n(IX/X) -kabiliyo -kabilizo
u(XI) -kabilio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kabiliko
pa(XVI) -kabilipo
mu(XVIII) -kabilimo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kabili)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekabili -okabili
m-mi(III/IV) -okabili -yokabili
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokabili -yokabili
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokabili -vyokabili
n(IX/X) -yokabili -zokabili
u(XI) -okabili see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokabili
pa(XVI) -pokabili
mu(XVIII) -mokabili
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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