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From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) (from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudere (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *klāw- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: klōz, IPA^(key): /kləʊz/
• (General American) enPR: klōz, IPA^(key): /kloʊz/
• Rhymes: -əʊz

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Homophones: cloze, clothes (when the /ð/ is omitted)

close (third-person singular simple present closes, present participle closing, simple past and past participle closed)

1. (physical) To remove a gap.
   1. (transitive, intransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.

      Synonyms: close up, shut

      Antonym: open

      Close the door behind you when you leave.

      Jim was listening to headphones with his eyes closed.

      The runner in second place is closing the gap on the leader.

      to close the ranks of an army

      • 1816, Lord Byron, “Canto III”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Canto the Third, London: Printed for John Murray, […], →OCLC, stanza LXXXIV:

        What deep wounds ever closed without a scar?

      • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 2, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

        If I close my eyes I can see Marie today as I saw her then. Round, rosy face, snub nose, dark hair piled up in a chignon.

   2. To obstruct or block.

      Synonyms: close off, close up, shut, shut off

      Antonym: open

      The road was closed for the festival.

   3. (transitive, intransitive, engineering, gas and liquid flow, of valve or damper) To move to a position preventing fluid from flowing.
   4. (transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.
   5. To grapple; to engage in close combat.
      • 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Phillip II

        They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest.

2. To finish, to terminate.
   1. (transitive) To put an end to; to conclude.

      Synonyms: close down, complete, end, finish, wind up, wrap up

      Antonyms: begin, commence, initiate, start

      close the session;   to close a bargain;   to close a course of instruction

      • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

        One frugal supper did our studies close.

      • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XLVII, page 70:

        If these brief lays, of Sorrow born,
        ⁠Were taken to be such as closed
        ⁠Grave doubts and answers here proposed,
        Then these were such as men might scorn: […]

   2. (intransitive) To come to an end.

      Synonyms: end, finish, wind up, wrap up

      Antonyms: begin, commence, start

      The debate closed at six o'clock.

   3. (intransitive, of a business) To cease trading for the day.

      Synonym: shut

      Antonym: open

      The supermarket closes at eight o'clock.

   4. (ergative, marketing) To conclude (a sale).
   5. (transitive, baseball, pitching) To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.

      He has closed the last two games for his team.

   6. (ergative, computing) To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.

      Synonym: exit (an application)

      Antonyms: launch (an application), open, start (an application)

      Close the file when you have finished reading data.

      This app has a bug: when you try to sort a large spreadsheet, it closes.

   7. (transitive, finance) To cancel or reverse (a trading position).
3. (chiefly figurative) To come or gather around; to enclose.

   Synonyms: encompass, confine

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jonah 2:5:

     The depth closed me round about.

   • 1633, George Herbert, The Church:

     But now Thou dost Thyself immure and close / In some one corner of a feeble heart; / Where yet both Sinne and Satan, Thy old foes, / Do pinch and straiten Thee, and use much art / To gain Thy thirds' and little part.

4. (surveying) To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
5. (intransitive) To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.

   Whoever closed last night forgot to turn off the closet light.

6. (Philippines, Quebec) To turn off; to switch off.

   Please close the lights, the (electric) fan, the TV.

Due to the near-opposite meanings relating to fluid flow and electrical components, these usages are deprecated in safety-critical instructions, with the words to "on" or to "off" preferred, so instead of Close valve A; close switch B use Turn valve A to OFF; turn switch B to ON.

• autoclose

close (plural closes)

1. An end or conclusion.

   We owe them our thanks for bringing the project to a successful close.

   • 1878, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Francis Atterbury”, in Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition‎^[1]:

     His long and troubled life was drawing to a close.

2. The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
   • 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

     The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.

     The spelling has been modernized.

3. (sales) The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy.

   Synonym: closer

   • 1983, Charles B. Roth, Roy Alexander, Secrets of Closing Sales, page 110:

     Regardless of the situation, the minute you feel it's time for the close, try it.

4. A grapple in wrestling.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     The intestine shocke, And furious cloze of ciuill Butchery.

5. (music) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     At every close she made, the attending throng / Replied, and bore the burden of the song.

6. (music) A double bar marking the end.
7. (aviation, travel) The time when checkin staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.

• (end): end, finale

• (antonym(s) of “end”): beginning, start

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: klōs, IPA^(key): /kləʊs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kloʊs/

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊs

close (comparative closer, superlative closest)

2. (now rare) Closed, shut.
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew viij:

     There is nothinge so close, that shall not be openned, and nothinge so hyd that shall not be knowen.

   • 1830, Thomas Thomson (chemist), The History of Chemistry, volume 1, pages 30–31:

     As the alchymists were assiduous workmen—as they mixed all the metals, salts, &c... and subjected such mixtures to the action of heat in close vessels, their labours were occasionally repaid by the discovery of new substances...

   • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter I, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC:

     I mounted into the window-seat: gathering up my feet, I sat cross-legged, like a Turk; and, having drawn the red moreen curtain nearly close, I was shrined in double retirement.

3. Narrow; confined.

   a close alley; close quarters

   • 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, chapter 41, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

     a close prison

4. At a little distance; near.
   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     […] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.

   • 2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 71:

     Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.

   Is your house close?

5. Intimate; well-loved.

   He is a close friend.

   1. (law) Of a corporation or other business entity, closely held.
6. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude.
   • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

     If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one maketh the air close, [...] and the other maketh it exceeding unequal.

   • 1907, Algernon Blackwood, The Dance of Death [...]the artificial light and close air of his high office stool [...]
   • 1921, P. G. Wodehouse, chapter X, in Indiscretions of Archie:

     He sighed drowsily. The atmosphere of the auction room was close; you weren't allowed to smoke; and altogether he was beginning to regret that he had come.

7. (Ireland, UK, weather) Hot, humid, with no wind.
9. (linguistics, phonetics, of a vowel) Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.
10. Strictly confined; carefully guarded.

    a close prisoner

11. (obsolete) Out of the way of observation; secluded; secret; hidden.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Chronicles 12:1:

      He yet kept himself close because of Saul.

    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 57:

      her close intent

12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced.

    a close contest

13. Short.

    to cut grass or hair close

14. (archaic) Dense; solid; compact.
    • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

      The golden globe being put into a press, [...] the water made itself way through the pores of that very close metal.

15. (archaic) Concise; to the point.

    close reasoning

    • 1690, John Dryden, Translations (Preface)

      Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass.

16. (dated) Difficult to obtain.
    • 1886, “Leases of Lands in the Indian Territory”, in United States Congressional Serial Set, volume 2362, page 184:

      Some of these parties have not paid their last payment, because money was close last fall.

    • 1903, Gunton's Magazine of American Economics and Political Science, page 249:

      We are told out West that the reason money is so close now is because so large an amount has been invested in real estate. I cannot understand why that would make any difference if that money has been sent from one section of the country into another for the purpose of buying real estate. Why should it make any difference as to money being close? We are told in the East large amounts have been invested in the large manufacturing plants, such as the steel plants, etc. but if the money has been invested there it has simply changed hands, and why should that make any difference?

    • 1965, Country Life - Volume 137, page 326:

      But there is reason underlying this confusion: time as well as money is close these days and a small wardrobe of hats can be very boring.

    Money is close.

17. (dated) Parsimonious; stingy.
    • 1820, John Keats, “Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil. A Story from Boccaccio.”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, stanza XVII, page 57:

      Yet were these Florentines as self-retired / In hungry pride and gainful cowardice, / As two close Hebrews in that land inspired, / Paled in and vineyarded from beggar-spies; [...]

    • 1837, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Mr. Higginbotham's Catastrophe”, in Twice-Told Tales, volume I:

      [...] he was a crusty old fellow, as close as a vice.

    • 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

      Though a hard-grained man, close, dry, and silent, he can enjoy old wine with the best. He has a priceless bin of port in some artful cellar under the Fields, which is one of his many secrets.

18. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact.

    a close translation; a close copy

19. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict.

    The patient was kept under close observation.

    • a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC, page 90:

      I must acknowledge that hitherto I have discover’d no other way to keep our Thoughts cloſe to their Buſineſs, but the endeavouring as much as we can, and by frequent Attention and Application, getting the habit of Attention and Application.

20. Marked, evident.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
21. Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer or goal); near

    No, but you were close.

    We were so close to winning!

22. (heraldry, of a bird) With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant); (of wings) in this posture.

     

    • 1780, Joseph Edmondson, A Complete Body of Heraldry:

      Crest, a cockatrice, wings close, vert, combed and wattled gu.

    • 1894, Henry Gough, James Parker, A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry, page 215:

      Sable, an eagle close or - ROPER, Derby. / Sable, a chevron ermine between three eagles close argent - GAMES, Leicester, granted 1614. / Sable a chevron between three eagles close argent - JERVOISE.

    • 1902, Lincoln's Inn (London, England), The Records of the Honorable Society of Lincoln's Inn, page 458:

      Arms : Azure, a chevron ermine between three cross - crosslets fitchy argent. Crest : An eagle close argent, ducally gorged.

• (at a little distance): close by, near, nearby; see also Thesaurus:near
• (intimate): intimate
• (hot, humid): muggy, oppressive; see also Thesaurus:muggy
• (articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate): high
• (dense, solid, compact): see also Thesaurus:compact

• (antonym(s) of “at a little distance”): distant, far, faraway, far off, remote; see also Thesaurus:distant
• (antonym(s) of “intimate”): aloof, cool, distant
• (antonym(s) of “articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate”): open

• this close, thisclose
• ultra-close

close (plural closes)

1. (now rare, chiefly Yorkshire) An enclosed field, especially a field enclosed around a (usually religious) building.
2. (chiefly British) A street that ends in a dead end.
3. (Scotland) A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.
4. (Scotland) The common staircase in a tenement.
   • 2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 279:

     The woman nodded at a nearby flight of steps. 'This is my close. We can talk in here. Come on.'.

5. A cathedral close.
   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 3, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.

6. (law) The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed^[1]

• (street): cul-de-sac
• (narrow alley): See Thesaurus:alley

• → Irish: clós
• → Welsh: clos

• “close”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

• Coles, coles, socle

• IPA^(key): /kloz/

• Audio:

  (file)

close

1. feminine singular of clos

close

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of clore

close f sg

1. feminine singular of clos

• “close”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• socle

close

1. plural of cloth

Unadapted borrowing from English close.

close m (plural closes)

1. (photography) close-up (photography in which the subject is shown at a large scale)

   Synonym: close-up

2. (Brazil, gay slang) attitude

   Synonym: carão