Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gora

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Noun

*gorà f^[1]^[2]

mountain
hill
any mountainous elevation (covered in forests)

Declension

Declension of *gorà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gorà	*gȍrě	*gȍry
genitive	*gorý	*gorù	*gòrъ
dative	*gorě̀	*goràma	*goràmъ
accusative	*gȍrǫ	*gȍrě	*gȍry
instrumental	*gorojǫ́	*goràma	*goràmi
locative	*gȍrě	*gorù	goràsъ, goràxъ^*
vocative	*goro	*gȍrě	*gȍry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гора (gora)
  - Old Ruthenian: гора́ (horá)
    - Belarusian: гара́ (hará)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: гора́ (horá)
    - Ukrainian: гора́ (horá)
  - Russian: гора́ (gorá)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: гора (gora)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱃⰰ (gora)
- Bulgarian: гора́ (gorá)
  - → Megleno-Romanian: goră
- Macedonian: гора (gora)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: го̀ра
  
  Latin script: gòra
- Slovene: góra (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hora, hóra
  - Czech: hora, hůra (dialectal)
- Old Polish: góra
  - Polish: góra
  - Silesian: gōra
- Slovak: hora
- Polabian: ďöră
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: góra
  - Slovincian: góra
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: góra
  - Upper Sorbian: hora

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gorà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177: “f. ā (c) ‘mountain’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gora gory”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c (SA 69f., 157); b* (PR 135, 138)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gorà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177: “f. ā (c) ‘mountain’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “gora gory”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c (SA 69f., 157); b* (PR 135, 138)”

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