Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HwiHcati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati.

Numeral

*HwiHcati^[1]^[2]

twenty

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīsaⁱti)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Old Ossetic: *insæǰ,^[3] *insædʸ^[4]
    Sarmatian: Ἰνσάζ (Insáz)
    - Ossetian:
      Digor Ossetian: инсӕй (insæj)
      
      Iron Ossetian: ссӕ́дз (ssǽʒ)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *wisatä
    - Proto-Saka:
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (bistä)
      - Tumshuqese: [script needed] (bista)
    - Wakhi: wist
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: οιστο (oisto /⁠wī̆st⁠/)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʼwsy̆c /⁠əws(e)ʒ/, /ūs(e)ʒ⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: [Syriac needed] (wysṯ /⁠wīst⁠/)
    - Yagnobi: bī̆st
Southeastern Iranian:
- Sanglechi: [script needed] (wišt)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Yidgha: [script needed] (wisto)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Sarikoli: vist
    - Yazghulami: в̌аст (wast)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: بیست (bīst), گیست (gīst)
- Mazanderani: [script needed] (bist)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: bîst
  
  Central Kurdish: بیست (bîst)
  
  Southern Kurdish: بیس (bîs)
- Middle Median: *vīst
  - Sivandi: vīs
  - Southern Tati: vist
- Parthian: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤 (wyst /⁠wīst⁠/)
- Sangisari: vist
- Zaza-Gorani:
  Gurani: ۋیس (ʋīs)
  
  Zazaki: vist
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠wīst⁠/)^[5]
  Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤 (wyst)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wyst')
  - Classical Persian: بیست (bīst)
    - Iranian Persian: بیست (bist)
    - Tajik: бист (bist)
      - → Yazghulami: бист (bist)

References

^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 170
^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 136
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎^[3] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
^ Kim, Ronald I. (2007) “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎^[4], volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 62
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wīst”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[Novak-1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 170

[2] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 136

[3] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎^[3] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

[4] Kim, Ronald I. (2007) “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎^[4], volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 62

[5] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wīst”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

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