Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/lima

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lima/

Numeral

**Proto-Austronesian cardinal numbers**
< 4	5	6 >
Cardinal : *lima

*lima

five
Synonym: *ɣatep

Noun

*lima

hand (part of the body)

Derived terms

*i-lima (“five”)
*lima ŋa puluq (“fifty”)
*iŋ-lima (“five times”)
*ka-lima (“five times”)
*kuma-lima (“five in order”)
*maŋ-lima (“divide into groups of five”)
*maR-lima (“divide into groups of five”)
*pa-lima (“divide into five (?)”)
*paka-lima₁ (“five times”)
*paka-lima₂ (“five times”)
*ika-lima (“fifth (ordinal numeral)”)
*la-lima (“five (in counting people)”)
*maka-lima (“five times”)
*Sika-lima (“fifth (ordinal numeral)”)

Descendants

Proto-Atayalic: *lima
- Taroko: lima
Proto-Rukai: *ɭima
- Rukai:
  - Taromak Drekay: lima
  - Ngudradrekay: lrima
  - Oponoho: lrima
  - Teldreka: rima
  - Thakongadavane: yima
Proto-Tsouic: *líma
- Tsou: eimo
- Saaroa: ulima
- Kanakanabu: urima
Western Plains:
- Papora: lima
- Hoanya: lima
- Thao: rima
Paiwan: lima
Proto-Puyuma: *ɭima
- Puyuma: lima
Proto-Bunun: *hima
- Bunun: hima
  - Isbukun: ima
East Formosan:
- Amis: lima
- Sakizaya: lima
- Kavalan: lima
- Makatao: lima
- Siraya: rima
- Taivoan: hima
- Basay: cima
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *lima
- Barito:
  - East Barito:
    - Malagasy: dimy
    - Ma'anyan: dime
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - Mapun: lima
    - Pangutaran Sama: lima
    - West Coast Bajau: limo
- North Bornean:
  - Proto-North Sarawak:
    - Central Melanau: lima
- Proto-Philippine: *lima
  - Aklanon: li-má
  - Alangan: lima
  - Asi: lima
  - Bikol Central: lima
  - Brooke's Point Palawano: lima
  - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: lima
  - Cebuano: lima
  - Central Bontoc: lima
  - Cuyunon: lima
  - Dupaningan Agta: lima
  - Hiligaynon: lima
  - Ibanag: lima
  - Ilocano: ima, lima
  - Inonhan: lima
  - Isinai: lima
  - Isnag: lima
  - Itawit: lima
  - Ivatan: lima
  - Proto-Kalamian:
    - Agutaynen: lima
  - Kankanaey: lima
  - Limos Kalinga: lima
  - Lubuagan Kalinga: lima
  - Maguindanao: lima
  - Manobo:
    - Dibabawon Manobo: lima
    - Kagayanen: lima
  - Mayoyao Ifugao: lima
  - Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: lima
  - Ratahan: lima
  - Tagakaulu Kalagan: lima
  - Tagalog: lima
  - Waray-Waray: lima
  - Yami: lima
  - Yogad: lima
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *lima
  - Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *lima
    - Proto-Oceanic: *lima
      - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
        Fijian: lima
        Micronesian:
        Woleaian: lima
        North-Central Vanuatu:
        Raga: lima
        Proto-Polynesian: *lima
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *lima
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *rima
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian: lima
        South Marquesan: ʻima
        Tahitic
        Maori: rima
        Tahitian: rima
        Rapa Nui: rima
        Samoic-Outlier
        Ellicean
        Kapingamarangi: lima
        Nukuoro: lima
        Sikaiana: lima
        Tuvaluan: lima
        Futunic
        East Futuna: lima
        Samoic
        Niuatoputapu: lima
        Samoan: lima
        Tokelauan: lima
        Tongic: *lima
        Niuean: lima
        Tongan: nima
        Rotuman: lima
        Southeast Solomonic:
        Bughotu: lima
        Gela: lima
        Lau: lima
        To'abaita: lima
      - Western Oceanic:
        Alu: lima
        Bariai: lima
        Lusi: lima
        Manam: lima
        Muduapa: lima
        Mussau-Emira: lima
        Nakanai: lima
        Roviana: lima
        Tolai: lima
  - Timor-Babar:
    - Tetum: lima
- Sumba-Flores:
  - Laboya: lima
- Chamorro: lima
- Javanese: lima
- Kaili-Pamona:
  - Uma: lima
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *lima
  - Madurese: lema
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *lima
    - Balinese: lima
    - Proto-Chamic:
      - Eastern Cham: limœû
      - Jarai: rơma
      - Rade: êma
    - Proto-Malayic: *lima(ʔ)
      - Banjarese: lima
      - Iban: lima
      - Malayan
        Malay: lima
        Indonesian: lima
        Minangkabau: limo
      - Urak Lawoi': ลีมา (lima)
- Muna-Buton
  - Cia-Cia: lima / 을리마