錮

See also: 锢

錮	U+932E, 錮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-932E

← 錭
[U+932D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

錯 →
[U+932F]

Translingual

Han character

錮 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金田十口 (CWJR), four-corner 8610₀, composition ⿰釒固)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1312, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40578
Dae Jaweon: page 1813, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4219, character 6
Unihan data for U+932E

Chinese

trad.		錮
simp.		锢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 錮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	kɯ, kas
橭	kaː, kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	kaː, kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	kaː, kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	kaː, kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	kʰaːʔ, kʰaːs
葫	qʰaː, ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	ɡaːʔ, ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	ka, kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	ka, ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːɡs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gù (gu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gù
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gù
  - Wade–Giles: ku⁴
  - Yale: gù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh
  - Palladius: гу (gu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gu³
  - Yale: gu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³³/

Middle Chinese: kuH

Rime
Character	錮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古暮切
Baxter	kuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ko^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ^H/
Li Rong	/ko^H/
Wang Li	/ku^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	錮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gù
Middle Chinese	‹ ku^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁaʔ-s/
English	chronic (of illness)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	錮
Reading #	1/1
No.	4233
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	顧
Old Chinese	/*kaːɡs/

Definitions

錮

to run metal into cracks
to confine; to imprison
to hire someone for a job

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

錮

(Jōyō kanji)

to tie; confine

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu, 錮ぐ)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 錮 (MC kuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〯 (kwǒ) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

錮

Wikisource

錮 (eumhun 막을 고 (mageul go))

hanja form^? of 고 (“to confine”)

Compounds

금고 (禁錮, geumgo)
당고 (黨錮, danggo)
금고형 (禁錮刑, geumgohyeong)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

錮: Hán Nôm readings: cố

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