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U+8FAD, 辭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FAD

[U+8FAC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8FAE]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 160, +12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月月卜廿十 (BBYTJ), four-corner 20241, composition 𤔔)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38671
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1732, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4043, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+8FAD

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : 𤔔 (govern) + (punishment) – litigation.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • so2 - literary;
  • si2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • sîr/sû - literary;
  • sî - vernacular.
Note: se5 - diction, phraseology (in 修辭, 講辭).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Kunming /t͡sʰz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰz̩¹³/
/sz̩¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sz̩¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zz̩¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰï¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su³⁵/
/si³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡su²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /sɯ⁵⁵/
/si⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ti³¹/ ~別
/si³¹/ ~典

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (17)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter zi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/zɨ/
Pan
Wuyun
/zɨ/
Shao
Rongfen
/zie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/zɨ/
Li
Rong
/ziə/
Wang
Li
/zĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/zi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ci4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ zi ›
Old
Chinese
/*sə.lə/
English words

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 1684
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ljɯ/

Definitions

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  1. diction; phraseology; speech; words
    See also:
      ―  xiū  ―  rhetoric ("refinement of speech")
      ―  shū  ―  dictionary; wordbook
  2. Ci (a form of classical poetry)
      ―  “Chǔ  ―  Verses of Chu
  3. (obsolete) legal statement; deposition; testimony; confession
  4. to depart; to take one's leave
      ―  gào  ―  goodbye ("allow me to take leave")
  5. to dismiss; to discharge; to fire
    退退  ―  tuì  ―  to discharge
  6. to resign; to hand in
      ―  zhí  ―  to resign one's office; to tender one's resignation
  7. to shirk; to decline
    勞苦劳苦  ―  láokǔ  ―  to spare no effort
  8. to apologize (to accept fault and invite the pardon of the offended)
  9. to excuse; to make up excuses (to provide explanation to lessen someone's fault)

Synonyms

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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. words
  2. speech
  3. expression
  4. phrase

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ji)
  • Kan-on: (shi)
  • Kun: やめる (yameru, 辭める)

Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
言葉ことば
[noun] [from 759] a word, a term
[noun] [from 934] language, speech
Alternative spellings
,
(This term, , is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling () of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 말씀 (malsseum sa))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: từ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.