塏

See also: 垲

塏	U+584F, 塏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584F

← 塎
[U+584E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

塐 →
[U+5850]

Translingual

Han character

塏 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土山一廿 (GUMT), four-corner 4211₈, composition ⿰土豈)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5326
Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 472, character 5
Unihan data for U+584F

Chinese

trad.		塏
simp.		垲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 塏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (豈) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
獃	tŋɯː, ŋɯː
剴	kŋɯːl, ŋɯːl
凱	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
愷	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
塏	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
鎧	ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, ŋ̊ʰɯːls
颽	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
暟	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
闓	ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, ŋ̊ʰɯːls
豈	ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ
隑	ɡɯːls, ŋɯːl
皚	*ŋɯːl
嵦	*ŋɡɯːl
敳	*ŋɯːl
磑	ŋɯːl, ŋuːl, *ŋuːls
螘	ŋralʔ, ŋɯlʔ
覬	*krɯls
溰	*ŋɯl
顗	*ŋɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai³
  - Yale: kǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
  - Palladius: кай (kaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hoi²
  - Yale: hói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: khojX

Rime
Character	塏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦亥切
Baxter	khojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj^X/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi^X/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰˤəjʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	塏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ khoj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/
English	high and dry (place)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塏
Reading #	1/1
No.	10104
Phonetic component	豈
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愷
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/

Definitions

塏

^† high and dry (of place)

Compounds

塏塏／垲垲 (kǎikǎi)
爽塏／爽垲

References

“塏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

塏

(Hyōgai kanji)

high and dry place

Readings

On (unclassified): かい (kai)、がい (gai)

Korean

Hanja

塏 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae)

highland
high and dry place

Vietnamese

Han character

塏: Hán Nôm readings: khải

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References

Nom Foundation