俴

俴 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人戈戈 (OII), four-corner 2325₃, composition ⿰亻戔)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 106, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 727
• Dae Jaweon: page 226, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 174, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4FF4

Historical forms of the character 俴
Small seal script   s05837 Transcribed ancient scripts   L16196
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

俴

1. thin
2. (obsolete) unarmored

   • 甲不堅密，與俴者同實； [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     甲不坚密，与𠈙者同实； [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     jiǎ bù jiān mì, yǔ jiàn zhě tóngshí; [Pinyin]

     If shields are not strong and tightly woven, it is the same as being without armor.

3. (obsolete) armoured with thin, scale-like metal plates

   • 俴駟孔羣 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     𠈙驷孔羣 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     jiànsì kǒng qún [Pinyin]

     His mail-covered team moves in great harmony

   • 俴駟，四馬皆以淺薄之金為甲。欲其輕而易於馬之旋習也。 [MSC, trad.]
     𠈙驷，四马皆以浅薄之金为甲。欲其轻而易于马之旋习也。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 朱熹 Zhu Xi,《詩經集傳》Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry, volume 4[1]

     Jiànsì, sìmǎ jiē yǐ qiǎnbó zhī jīn wèi jiǎ. Yù qí qīng ér yì yú mǎ zhī xuán xí yě. [Pinyin]

     Jiànsì ("俴駟"): all four horses are armored by thin metal plates; horses need to be light as well as easily steered and trained.

Berthold Laufer (1913) objects to interpretations of 俴／𠈙 (jiàn) (and 介 (jiè) elsewhere) as being armored with metal plates; instead, he proposes that the horses were covered in plain hide armor or hide scale armor, as worn by Zhou soldiers.^[1]

(Hyōgai kanji)

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• On (unclassified): せん (sen)、ぜん (zen)
• Kun: あさい (asai)、はだか (hadaka)

俴 (eum 천 (cheon))

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俴: Hán Nôm readings: kiến, tiễn

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