什

See also: 甚

什	U+4EC0, 什 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC0

← 亿
[U+4EBF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

仁 →
[U+4EC1]

什	U+F9FD, 什 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FD

← 識
[U+F9FC]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

茶 →
[U+F9FE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

什 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰亻十)

Derived characters

𠯰, 𪭡, 𨑮, 𱑐, 𦬯

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 348
Dae Jaweon: page 192, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 108, character 2
Unihan data for U+4EC0

Unihan data for U+F9FD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 什
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Small seal script

Small seal script s05782 Transcribed ancient scripts L38517
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
針	kjum, kjums
汁	*kjub
卙	*kʰljub
十	*ɡjub
什	*ɡjub

Etymology 1

trad.		什/甚^*
simp.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shén, shé (shen², she²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ, ㄕㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sím

(Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁶ / sib⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷seq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shén
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shén
  - Wade–Giles: shên²
  - Yale: shén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shé
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shé
  - Wade–Giles: shê²
  - Yale: shé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
  - Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sam⁶
  - Yale: sahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sím
  - Tâi-lô: sím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siem
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sim⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sim⁶ / sib⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĭm / si̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim³⁵/, /sip̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷seq
  - MiniDict: seh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴seq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /səʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

什

Only used in 什麼／什么 (shénme).

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shí (shi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sap⁶ / zaap⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shí
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
  - Wade–Giles: shih²
  - Yale: shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sap⁶ / zaap⁶
  - Yale: sahp / jaahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹ / dzaap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶ / zab⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚²/, /t͡saːp̚²/

Note:

sap6 - literary;
zaap6 - variant (“miscellaneous” or alternative form of 雜).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: siib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zab⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zeq
  - MiniDict: zeh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: dzyip

Rime
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是執切
Baxter	dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	troop of ten men
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
No.	11453
Phonetic component	十
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	十
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/

Definitions

什

^† (census) ten families
^† troop of ten men
^† set of ten poems
^† Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples.
miscellaneous; assorted
Alternative form of 雜／杂 (zá)
a surname

Compounds

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zá (za²)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zá
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zá
  - Wade–Giles: tsa²
  - Yale: dzá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
  - Palladius: цза (cza)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sä³⁵/

Definitions

什

Only used in 通什.

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siáⁿ / sáⁿ / siahⁿ / sahⁿ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sviar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sáⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: sánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svar
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sviaq
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: sannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svaq

Note: siahⁿ/sahⁿ - at the end of a phrase.

Definitions

什

(Hokkien) Alternative form of 啥 (“what”)
- 腦海中的走馬燈　留戀什路用 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  脑海中的走马灯　留恋什路用 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 葉俊麟 (lyrics), 邱芳德 (music), 留戀什路用, performed by 陳一郎
  náu-hái tiong ê cháu-bé-teng, liû-loân siáⁿ lō͘-ēng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  What use is there to think with nostalgia about the horse lamp in my mind?
- 這到底是什日子 [Hokkien, trad.]
  这到底是什日子 [Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 郭之仪 (lyrics and music), 愈遥远愈想你, performed by 卓勤培
  che tàu-té sī siáⁿ li̍t-chí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  What day is this actually?

Japanese

Kanji

什

(Hyōgai kanji)

(financial, obsolete) ten

Readings

Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←じふ (zifu, historical)}
Kan-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しふ (sifu, historical)}
Kun: くみ (kumi, 什)、とお (tō, 什)^{←とを (towo, 什, historical)}、まじる (majiru, 什じる)

Korean

Hanja

什 • (sip, jip) (hangeul 십, 집, revised sip, jip, McCune–Reischauer sip, chip)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

什: Hán Nôm readings: thập, lặt, thậm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation