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Russian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *per-.

Pronunciation

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  • пере-: IPA(key): [pʲɪrʲɪ]
  • пере́-: IPA(key): [pʲɪˈrʲe] (when stressed in past passive participles)
  • пе́ре-: IPA(key): [ˈpʲerʲɪ] (when stressed in nouns)
  • Audio:(file)

Prefix

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пере- (pere-)

  1. (used with verbs) over, over again (describing an action of moving by overcoming one or more obstacles)
    пере- (pere-) + ‎лете́ть impf (letétʹ, to fly) → ‎перелете́ть pf (pereletétʹ, to fly (by avoiding unpleasant factors such as bad weathers, falling objects, etc.; as one of its meanings))
  2. (used with verbs) across, trans- (describing an action of moving to a different place)
    пере- (pere-) + ‎-йти́ impf (-jtí, to go) → ‎перейти́ pf (perejtí, to cross)
  3. (used with verbs) too much (describing an action of resulting something excessive)
    пере- (pere-) + ‎стара́ться impf (starátʹsja, to try hard) → ‎перестара́ться pf (perestarátʹsja, to overdo, try too hard)
  4. (used with verbs) extremely (describing an action of doing something much more extreme than an average action)
    пере- (pere-) + ‎крича́ть impf (kričátʹ, to shout) → ‎перекрича́ть pf (perekričátʹ, to shout down (i.e. shouting much louder than someone))
  5. (used with verbs) re- (describing a repeating action)
    пере- (pere-) + ‎смотре́ть impf (smotrétʹ, to look, see) → ‎пересмотре́ть pf (peresmotrétʹ, to review (i.e. seeing something again); to rewatch)
  6. (used with verbs) describing an alternating or exchanging action
    пере- (pere-) + ‎говори́ть impf (govorítʹ, to speak, talk) + ‎-ивать (-ivatʹ, imperfectivizing suffix) + ‎-ся (-sja, reciprocal suffix) → ‎перегова́риваться impf (peregovárivatʹsja, to exchange remarks or words)
  7. (used with verbs) describing a consequence of a completed action that affects many entities of a group
    пере- (pere-) + ‎стреля́ть impf (streljátʹ, to shoot) → ‎перестреля́ть pf (perestreljátʹ, to shoot (many targets))
  8. (used with verbs) describing a destructed state of an entity, usually by cutting or tearing with tools or tool-like implements
    пере- (pere-) + ‎ре́зать impf (rézatʹ, to cut up) → ‎перере́зать pf (pererézatʹ, to cut up many times with a sharp tool) (also implying a meaning related to slaughtering and killing)
    пере- (pere-) + ‎куси́ть impf (kusítʹ, to bite) (rare) → ‎перекуси́ть pf (perekusítʹ, to split something into two by biting)
  9. (used with verbs, colloquial, rare) describing a light action that is not done in full measure
    пере- (pere-) + ‎куси́ть impf (kusítʹ, to eat) (archaic) → ‎перекуси́ть pf (perekusítʹ, to eat something quickly and less)

Derived terms

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