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Russian

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Alternative forms

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  • надо- (nado-)used before certain consonant clusters

Pronunciation

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  • над-: IPA(key): [nəd] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
  • над-: IPA(key): [nət] (before voiceless consonants)
  • на́д-: IPA(key): [ˈnad] (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
  • над-: IPA(key): [ˈnat] (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)

Prefix

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над- or на́д- (nad- or nád-)

  1. takes verbs, produces verbs: to extend, add
  2. takes verbs, produces verbs: to apply an action or measure
    над- (nad-) + ‎-зира́ть (-zirátʹ, to look at) → ‎надзира́ть (nadzirátʹ, to oversee)
  3. takes verbs, produces verbs: to apply an action in incomplete manner
    над- (nad-) + ‎куси́ть (kusítʹ, to bite) → ‎надкуси́ть (nadkusítʹ, to take a bite, nibble)
  4. takes verbs, produces verbs: super-
    над- (nad-) + ‎писа́ть (pisátʹ, to write) → ‎надписа́ть (nadpisátʹ, to superscribe, to inscribe)
  5. takes nouns, produces nouns and adjectives: over, above
    над- (nad-) + ‎вода́ (vodá, water) + ‎-ный (-nyj, adjective-forming suffix) → ‎надво́дный (nadvódnyj, above-water)
    над- (nad-) + ‎гроб (grob, grave) (poetic) + ‎-ие (-ije, noun-forming suffix) → ‎надгро́бие (nadgróbije, tombstone, literally thing over the grave)

Usage notes

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Derived terms

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