над-
See also: над and Appendix:Variations of "nad"
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- надо- (nado-) — used before certain consonant clusters
Pronunciation
edit- над-: IPA(key): [nəd] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- над-: IPA(key): [nət] (before voiceless consonants)
- на́д-: IPA(key): [ˈnad] (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
- над-: IPA(key): [ˈnat] (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)
Prefix
editнад- or на́д- • (nad- or nád-)
- takes verbs, produces verbs: to extend, add
- takes verbs, produces verbs: to apply an action or measure
- над- (nad-) + -зира́ть (-zirátʹ, “to look at”) → надзира́ть (nadzirátʹ, “to oversee”)
- takes verbs, produces verbs: to apply an action in incomplete manner
- над- (nad-) + куси́ть (kusítʹ, “to bite”) → надкуси́ть (nadkusítʹ, “to take a bite, nibble”)
- takes verbs, produces verbs: super-
- над- (nad-) + писа́ть (pisátʹ, “to write”) → надписа́ть (nadpisátʹ, “to superscribe, to inscribe”)
- takes nouns, produces nouns and adjectives: over, above
- над- (nad-) + вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ный (-nyj, adjective-forming suffix) → надво́дный (nadvódnyj, “above-water”)
- над- (nad-) + гроб (grob, “grave”) (poetic) + -ие (-ije, noun-forming suffix) → надгро́бие (nadgróbije, “tombstone”, literally “thing over the grave”)
Usage notes
edit- The suffix is found stressed in some noun derivations, e.g. на́дпись (nádpisʹ, “inscription”) (from надписа́ть (nadpisátʹ, “to caption, to inscribe; to write above”)).