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The contents of the Al-Qibli Chapel page were merged into Al-Aqsa Mosque on 2 January 2018. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected page, please see its history; for the discussion at that location, see its talk page.
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Latest comment: 1 year ago2 comments2 people in discussion
Please add the following passage to section 4.4 Conflicts:
On the morning of 5 April 2023, Israeli forces smashed doors and windows to enter al-Aqsa mosque and deployed stun grenades and rubber bullets once inside. Footage shared on social media showed Israeli officers striking screaming people with batons inside the building. Israeli police said their forces entered the mosque after "hundreds of rioters...barricaded themselves inside." When the police entered, stones were thrown at them and fireworks were fired from inside the mosque. Police arrested more than 350 people in the mosque and at least 12 people were injured during the clash. Later that evening, Israeli forces stormed al-Aqsa again, deployed stun grenades, and ordered Muslim worshippers to leave. Six people were treated for injuries.
Latest comment: 1 year ago17 comments2 people in discussion
Al Aqsa (compound) is back in the news today. I have been slowly compiling User talk:Onceinawhile/MAA, a list of pre-modern historical references to the term Masjid Al Aqsa. I still have not found any pre-modern Arabic sources using the term Masjid Al Aqsa to refer to the subject of this article. I proposed at Talk:Temple Mount#Masjid Al Aqsa article that the modern partial application of Masjid Al Aqsa to the southern building may be due to the 1865 Ordnance Survey, and I have yet to find anything to disprove that theory.
I have been working my way through Kaplony's 800-page work on the compound. Of the sources he refers to in the footnote to A084 (page 39 note 3) I have checked a good number and all have failed to help so far [I have not managed to get my hands of all of them yet], and his support for B202.6 is bizarre as he writes "Nasir calls this building al-Masjid al-Aqsà", quoting Le Strange where he read Nasir, yet reading Le Strange's quotation of Nasir it says the exact opposite.[1] All very frustrating work. Onceinawhile (talk) 18:51, 3 January 2023 (UTC)Reply
Here is a longer translation of Nasir. He is taking us on a tour of the Haram and when he comes to the main building he calls it Al-Masjid Al-'Aqsâ. The "cradle of Jesus" is in the south-east part of the Haram. "Du côté oriental de cette mosquée on trouve le mihrâb de Maryam ainsi qu’un autre mihrâb attribué à Zacharie ; sur ces deux mihrâbs sont tracés les versets du Qôran qui se rapportent à Zacharie et à Marie. On dit que Jésus est né dans ce sanctuaire, sur une pierre de l’un de ses piliers. On y trouve l’em preinte de deux doigts, comme si une personne l’avait saisie. On dit que Marie, en accouchant, l’avait tenue de ses doigts. Cette mosquée s’appelle le berceau de Jésus. On y remarque des lampes nombreuses en cuivre et en argent. On les allume chaque soir. En sortant de ce sanctuaire et en suivant le mur oriental, on trouve, en arrivant à l’angle de l’enceinte du Haram, une autre mosquée très vaste, deux (ou plutôt dix) fois plus grande que celle du berceau de Jésus; elle s’appelle Al-Masjid Al-'Aqsâ. C’est celui vers lequel Dieu fit voyager nuitamment l’Élu, la nuit de l’ascension, de la Mecque; et c’est de là qu’il est monté au ciel, selon la parole du Qôran : « Soit exalté celui qui fit voyager nuitamment son serviteur de la mosquée sacrée à al-Masjid al-’Aqsâ »." (Marmardji, Textes Géographiques Arabes sur la Palestine, p218). That seems to contradict the description of Le Strange in his book, but in Le Strange's full translation of Nasir in "Diary of a Journey thorough Syria and Palestine" he puts it like this: "After passing the entrance to this mosque [the Cradle of Jesus], near by the (south-east) angle of the east wall (of the Haram Area), you come to a great and beautiful mosque, which is other than that called the Cradle of Jesus, and is of many times its size. This is called the Masjid al Aksa (or the Further Mosque), and it is that to which Allah — be He exalted and glorified! — brought His chosen (Apostle) in the night journey from Mekkah..." A few sentences later the text refers to the "main building (of the Aksa mosque)", but here it isn't clear whether the parenthetical comment comes from Nasir or Le Strange. Zerotalk13:52, 4 January 2023 (UTC)Reply
A footnote to this. Nasir refers to the whole compound as "the Masjid", but when he comes to introduce the southern building he says explicitly "It is called Masjid al-Aqsa." With the help of a Persian friend I verified that "Masjid" is the word used in the Persian original as it appears near the top of Persian page 25 in Schefer's edition (page 422 by the archive.org numbering). Zerotalk01:40, 6 August 2023 (UTC)Reply
Thanks @Zero0000: that is really helpful. Here is an extract of the Persian:
و چون از در اين مسجد بگذري هم بر ديوار شرقي چون به گوشه مسجد بزرگ رسند، مسجدي ديگر است عظيم نيكو، دوباره بزرگ تر از مسجد مهد عيسي و آن را مسجد الاقصي گويند و آن است كه خداي، عزوجل، مصطفي را صلي الله عليه و سلم شب معراج از مكه آنجا آورد، و از آنجا به آسمان شد چنانكه در قرآن آن را ياد كرده است: «سبحان الذي اسري بعبده ليلا من المسجدالحرام الي المسجدالاقصي». الآيه و آنجا را عمارتي به تكلف كردهاند و فرش هاي پاكيزه افكنده و خادمان جداگانه ايستاده هميشه خدمت آن را كنند و چون به ديوار جنوبي بازگردي از آن گوشه مقدار دويست گز پوشش نيست و ساحت است و پوشش مسجد بزرگ، كه مقصوره در اوست، بر ديوار جنوبي است و غربي اين پوشش را چهارصد و بيست ارش طول است در صد و پنجاه ارش عرض و دويست و هشتاد ستون رخامي است و بر سر اسطوانهها طاقي از سنگ درزده و همه سر و تن ستونها منقش است و درزها به ارزيز گرفته، چنانکه از آن محکم تر نتواند بود و ميان دو ستون شش گز است همه فرش رخام ملون انداخته و درزها را به ارزير گرفته، چنانکه از آن محکم تر نتواند بود و ميان دو شش گزاست همه فرش رخام ملون انداخته به ارزيز گرفته و مقصوره بر وسط ديوار جنوبي است، بسيار بزرگ چنان كه شانزده ستون در آنجا ست و قبه اي نيز عظيم بزرگ منقش به مينا، چنان كه صفت كرده آمد و در آنجا حصيرهايي مغربي انداخته و قنديلها و مسرجها جداجدا به سلسلهها آويخته است و محرابي بزرگ ساختهاند، همه منقش به مينا و دو جانب محراب دو عمود رخام ـ است به رنگ عقيق سرخ و تمامت ازاره مقصوره رخام هاي ملون و بر دست راست محراب معاويه است، و بر دست چپ محراب عمر است، رضي الله عنه و سقف اين مسجد به چوب پوشيده است، منقش و متكلف و دو ديوار مقصوره كه با جانب ساحت است پانزده درگاه است و درهاي به تكلف بر آنجا نهاده هر يك ده گز علو در شش گز عرض ده از آن جمله بر آن ديوار كه چهارصد و بيست گز است، و پنج بر آنكه صد و پنجاه گز است، و از جمله آن درها يكي برنجي بيش از حدبه تكلف و نيكويي ساختهاند، چنان كه گويي زرين است، به سيم سوخته نقش كرده، و نام مامون خليفه بر آنجاست ـ گويند مامون از بغداد فرستاده است ـ و چون همه درها باز كنند، اندرون مسجد چنان روشن شود كه گويي ساحت بي سقف است اما وقتي كه باد و باران باشد و درها باز نكنند، روشني از روزنها باشد و بر چهار جانب اين پوشش از آن شهري از شهرهاي شام و عراق صندوق هاست و مجاوران نشسته، چنان كه اندر مسجد حرام است به مكه، شرفهاالله تعالي و ازبيرون پوشش بر ديوار بزرگ كه ذكر رفت رواقي است به چهل و دو طاق و همه ستون هاش از رخام ملون و اين رواق با رواق مغربي پيوسته است و در اندرون پوشش حوضي در زمين است، كه چون سر نهاده باشد با زمين مستوي باشد، جهت آب، تا چون باران آيد در آنجا رود و بر ديوار جنوبي دري است و آنجا متوضاست و آب، كه اگر كسي مخناج وضوي شود در آنجا رود وتجديد وضو كند، چه اگر از مسجد بيرون شود به نماز نرسد و نماز فوت شود، از بزرگي مسجد و همه پشت بامها به ارزير اندوده باشد، و در زمين مسجد حوضها و آبگيرها بسيار است، در زمين بريده، چه مسجد به يكباره بر سر سنگ است، چنانكه هر چند باران ببارد هيچ آب بيرون نرود و تلف نشود همه در آبگيرها رود و مردم بر مي دارند و ناودانها از ارزيز ساخته که آب بدان فرود آيد، و حوض هاي سنگين در زير ناودانها نهاده، سوراخي در زير آن كه آب از آن سوراخ به مجري رود و به حوض رسد، ملوث ناشده، و آسيب به وي نارسيده
Now to compare it to the Le Strange quote (1890, p.97): Nâsir-i-Khusrau, who wrote in Persian, uses for the Main-building of the Aksâ Mosque the Persian word Pûshish, that is, “Covered part," which exactly translates the Arabic Al Mughatta. On some occasions, however, the Aksâ Mosque (as we call it) is spoken of by Nâsir as the Maksûrah, a term used especially to denote the railed-off oratory of the Sultan, facing the Mihrâb, and hence in an extended sense applied to the building which includes the The great Court of the Haram Area, Nâsir always speaks of as the Masjid, or the Masjid al Akså, or again as the Friday Mosque (Masjid-i-Jum'ah).
To understand this you have to realise that Le Strange considers "Aksa Mosque" to mean the compound, so by "main building of the Aksa Mosque" he means "main building of what Le Strange calls the Aksa Mosque". It is true that Nasir refers to the covered part of "the masjid", meaning the covered part of the compound, but it is undeniable that he refers specifically to the building as Masjid al Aqsa. It is near the top of your Persian quote: "When you have left the mosque of the cradle of Jesus, you arrive, following the eastern wall, at the corner of the Haram enclosure. There is another extremely beautiful mosque there, which is twice as large as that of the cradle of Jesus. It bears the name of Masjid el Aqsa." First, the "cradle of Jesus" is itself within the compound yet "Masjid el Aqsa" is being compared to it, and second the compound is vastly more than twice the size of it. Le Strange does not disagree with this reading of the Persian, see the quote from him I gave above, and if you factor in Le Strange's meaning for al Aqsa I don't see a contradiction. For Nasir's name of the whole compound see Shefer's footnote on page 72: "Nasir designates, under the name of Masjid, the enclosure of the temple and all the monuments which have been erected there. I sometimes substitute in the translation for the word Masjid those of Haram or Haram es Sharif which is the term under which we designate the courtyard, the dome of the Sakhrah and the Masjid el Aqsa." I don't know of any instance where Nasir clearly names the compound as Masjid el Aqsa. Zerotalk09:46, 6 August 2023 (UTC)Reply
The translation of Thackston is equivalent: "Passing out through the door, again on the east wall at a corner of the large sanctuary area, you see another very beautiful mosque, twice as large as Jesus' Cradle Mosque, called al-Aqsa Mosque." and also see the footnote on page 23 that agrees with Schefer. Zerotalk12:35, 6 August 2023 (UTC)Reply
Mujir ad-Din (ca. 1496) wrote that in his day the name Al-Aksa was most commonly applied to the southern building, even though he disagreed on the grounds that the building is modern. Here are two French translations of the relevant sentence: Marmardji p225: "Il a été déjà dit, au commencement de la description d'al- Masjid al-'Aqsâ, que l’opinion généralement admise parmi les gens est qu'al-'Aqsâ est la mosquée construite du côté sud au fond de l’enceinte d'al-Masjid et dans laquelle sont renfermés le Minbar et le Grand Mihrâb."; Sauvaire, Historire de Jérusalem et D'Hébron, pp120–121 : "Nous avons déjà dit, en faisant pour la première fois la description du Masdjed, que, communément, on donnait le nom d'El-Aqsa à la mosquée construite au fond de l'enceinte sacre'e, du côté du sud, et renfermant la chaire et le grand Mehrâb." This proves that the application of the name to only the building is not a modern innovation. Since Mujir ad-Din is referring to something he wrote earlier, we can inspect that place as a check. Marmardji, p247 : "La mosquée de commu nauté (Jâmi') qui se trouve au fond de son enceinte, auprès de la Qiblah où l’on fait la prière du vendredi — celle connue parmi le peuple sous le nom d,al-Masjid al-Aqsâ — embrasse un grand édifice où l’on trouve une coupole élevée et ornée de châtons coloriés."; Sauvaire, p95 : "Le Djâmé' (mosquée) qui en occupe le fond, auprès delà qebleh (la partie méridionale) où se célèbre la prière du vendredi, et qui est communément appelé le Masdjed- el-Aqsa , se compose d'un grand bâtiment surmonté d'une coupole élevée et ornée de chatons de diverses couleurs (mosaïques); au dessous de la coupole se trouve le Menbar (la chaire) et le Mehrâb." So, according to Mujir ad-Din, in his day "Masjid al-Aqsa" was the common name for the building alone, but he himself disagreed. Zerotalk03:56, 5 January 2023 (UTC)Reply
Al-'Umarî, ca.1342, from Marmardji p236 : "A la suite de Jâmi' al-Magâribah se trouve une vaste place suivie elle-même de Jâmi' an-Nisâ' dont la longueur, de l’est à l’ouest, est de 62 pics et demi, et la largeur, du sud au nord, est de 22 pics et deux tiers. Il consiste en deux gale ries dont le toit a 12 cintres; chaque galerie en a 6 qui sont soutenus au milieu par six piliers massifs. Dans sa partie antérieure, il y a 5 fenêtres dont la première a pour largeur 2 pics et demi; pour profondeur dans le rempart, 3 pics — ce qui est la profondeur de ce rempart lui-même, dans cette région — et pour hauteur, 3 pics et un tiers. Le reste des fenêtres ont une mesure infé rieure à celle-ci. Dans son mur occidental, il y a une fenêtre donnant sur le quar tier des Magâribah. La porte de ce Jâmi' s’ouvre vers le nord. Dans chacun de ses chambranles, il y a quatre colonnes de marbre blanc (unis) dans un même corps et ayant pour longueur, en dehors des bases, 2 pics moins un quart. Devant ce même Jâmi` il y a deux noyers, sous lesquels se trouve une estrade où les gens prient. On entre par la dite porte et on descend par cinq degrés jusqu’aux galeries mentionnées. De la porte de Jâmi' an-Nisâ' à distance de 27 pics, en direction de l’est, se trouve la porte occidentale parmi les portes du Jâmi' appelé à présent al-Masjid al-Aqsâ.". Zerotalk00:21, 5 January 2023 (UTC)Reply
This one is very interesting. A detailed description of the compound is included. A part I didn't notice before is on page 212:
ولنذكر الان ما يتعلق بصفة المسجد الأقصى، وما اشتمل عليه من المزارات، على ما استقر عليه بناؤه إلى سنة ثلاث وأربعين وسبعمائة.
It appears to speak of shrines "included" in al-Masjid al-Aqsa, which may be a usage of that name for the whole compound. Maybe. The important part of what I quoted from Marmardji is on page 222:
ويدخل من الباب المذكور وينزل بخمس درج إلى الأروقة المذكورة. ومن باب جامع النساء على مضي سبعة وعشرين ذراعا من جهة الشرق، الباب الغربي من أبواب الجامع المسمى ا لآن بالمسجد ا لأقصى.
("From the door of al-Jami an-Nisa, at a distance of 27 cubits in the easterly direction, is the western door of the Jami now called al-Masjid al-Aqsa.) The use of "Jami" here is very clear. I don't want to analyse it too much without being a scholar of medieval Arabic, but the "now called" which Marmardji uses in his translation is really there. Is it a hint that Umari considers this not the original name?
I also noticed "Haram esh-Sharif" in these pages as a name for the compound, more than once. An example is on page 217. I didn't think that name was in use until later. Zerotalk11:56, 11 August 2023 (UTC)Reply
Ibn Batûtah, ca.1347, from Marmardji p244 : "Toute la mosquée n’est qu’un espace sans toit, sauf al-Masjid al-’Aqsâ qui est couvert, construit d’une manière fort solide, avec une rare habi leté; il est verni d’or et de couleurs brillantes." Zerotalk13:52, 4 January 2023 (UTC)Reply
In his travelogue know as The Rihla, Ibn Batutah wrote
ذكرالمسجد المقدس وهومن المساجد الكبيبة الرايقع الغايقة للحسن يقال انه ليس على وجه الارى مسجد آكيرمغء وان طوله مى شرق الى غرب سبعماية وثنتان وخمسون دراعا بالذراع الماكلية وعرضه من الفية الى للجوفي اربعماية ذراع وخمس وثلاثون ذراعا وله ابواب كثيرة ق جهاته الثلاح واتما لجهة القبلية منه فلا اعم بها إلا بابا واحدا وهوالذى يدخد منه الامام ولماجد له فصاء غيرمسقد الا المسجد الأقصى فهومسقغ غى النهاية من إحكام العمل ودقان الصنعة موه بالذهب والاصبغة الرايقة ون ألمسجد موافمع سواه مسقفة،
He describes the compound as a vast and wonderful mosque (masjid), which is not covered except for the part called al-Masjid al-Aqsa. I checked multiple English and French translations, including the English translation of Gibb here and the French translation of Defrémery and Sanguinetti here, which includes the Arabic text. The Arabic uses "المسجد الأقصى" (al-Masjid al-Aqsa) which is split between pages 121 and 122 in the latter source. In all readings, Ibn Battuta identifies al-Masjid al-Aqsa as a part of the compound and not its whole. Note that Ibn Battuta (like many others) may have partly copied from earlier writers; the details are unknowable. Zerotalk14:26, 10 August 2023 (UTC)Reply
Sâhîn ad-Ḑâhirî, ca.1467, from Marmardi p244-245 : "A Jérusalem, il y a une plate-forme sur la terrasse du Roc, d’où l’on voit la forteresse d'al-Karak qui est à distance de quatre jours de marche. On fait, dans la mosquée de Bayt al-Maqdis, avec ses appels à la prière, quatre services de prières, selon les quatre rites. On commence selon le rite de l’Imam Mâlik dans la mosquée des Magâribah, puis dans Al-Masjid al-Aqsâ, selon le rite de l’Imam Muhammad ben Adrîs As-Sâfi'î; ensuite, dans la coupole du Roc, selon le rite de l'Imâm Abu Hanîfah; puis, sous la coupole de Moïse et la galerie occi dentale, selon le rite d’al-Imâm Ahmad al-Hanbali." Zerotalk13:52, 4 January 2023 (UTC)Reply
Hard to get a clean scan, probably errors:
وبالقدس الشريغ مصطبة على سطح المخرة يرى منها قلعة اللرك وى مسيرة اربعة اثام وبصلى بمسجد بيت المقدس-ن اذن اربع صلوات على المذاهب الاربعة اول ما يهدأ بمذهب الامام مالك بجامع المغاربة ثم بالمسجد الاقصى على مذهب الامام د بن ادريس الشافق ثم بقتة العخرة على مذهب الامام الأعظم ابى حفيغة ثم بقبة موسى والرواق الغرن على مذهب الاسام اجد بن حنبد ولهذا لحرم اوقاف كثيروخدام ومباشرون اخنصرت ذكرهم خشية الاطالة
Here he uses "بالمسجد الاقصى" (at al-Masjid al-Aqsa).[1]
The Turkish text of relevant parts of Seyahatnâme (1670s) is here and here. The latter is a modern critical edition which notes that the original manuscript of this volume is lost so the text had to be reconstructed from three manuscripts known to have been copied from the original. The observation that Çelebi uses "Masjid Aqsa" to refer to the southern building is proved by his frequent use of "Sahratullah’ı ve Mescid-i Aksayı" (the Dome of the Rock and Masjid Aqsa). As for the whole compound, I found "Mesci̇di̇ Aksa avlusu" (Masjid Aqsa court) and "Mescid-i Aksâ‘nın haremi" (Madjid Aqsa haram) but there might be others. Zerotalk13:22, 17 August 2023 (UTC)Reply
Right, the stated size is only 0.46 hectares or 1.15 acres. I used the dimensions in feet given in the source, which is not a great source but is close to what I measured on a map so it can't be far off. I changed it. Zerotalk14:19, 5 October 2023 (UTC)Reply
Latest comment: 11 months ago3 comments3 people in discussion
The current name is confusing for people who have never heard of this place, or heard about it mostly from a non-western perspective. Because, according to most people with strong feelings about a place they call "Al-Aqsa mosque" (those being the people most likely to speak or write about the a place they call Al-Aqsa mosque) this is only part of Al-Aqsa mosque. So if somebody who has no knowledge of this complex hears a news story about "Al-Aqsa mosque", them finding this article will often be telling them about the wrong building.
I can add heaps of examples if you don't believe me about common usage?
The introduction currently does a fairly good job of explaining it, but adding some words like "controversial" or "disputed" could explain to that hypothetical reader why that news story seemed to be about a completely different building.
I think the page probably needs to be moved to avoid confusion, but I only found out this week that some people think "Al-Aqsa mosque" is only this part of it, so I'm still a bit unclear on what a better page title would be.
Also … if the other thing is not a mosque what IS it? (and I mean currently use, not in future or in the distant past.) I don't think a prayer hall by itself is a mosque? A mosque is bigger? The prayer hall at my university (an entire converted 3-bedroom house, not small) was never called a "mosque" just a "prayer room", but that distinction could be administrative rather than architectural.
It's a good question about the Dome of the Rock. Certainly it is not currently used as a mosque, but that's not a complete answer. The fact that it has a mihrab (usually given as one of the characteristics of a mosque) complicates the question. Zerotalk03:12, 31 December 2023 (UTC)Reply
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