Ruski Krstur (Serbian: Руски Крстур; Rusyn: Руски Керестур, romanized: Ruski Kerestur) is a village in Vojvodina, Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Kula, West Bačka District. The village has a Rusyn ethnic majority. Its population numbered 3,846 in the 2022 census.[1] Ruski Krstur is the cultural centre of the Rusyns in Serbia. The number of Rusyns in Ruski Krstur is in constant decline as many of them have moved out to Canada concentrating in the town of North Battleford, Saskatchewan.[2] The village is the seat of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Ruski Krstur,[3] part of the wider Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia.
Ruski Krstur
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  Ruski Krstur  Ruski Krstur  Ruski Krstur | |
| Coordinates: 45°34′N 19°25′E / 45.567°N 19.417°E | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| Province |  Vojvodina |
| Region | Bačka |
| District | West Bačka |
| Municipality | Kula |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 3,846 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Name
editIts name means "the Rusyn Krstur" (There is also a village called Srpski Krstur, meaning "the Serb Krstur", in Vojvodina).
The Hungarian name for the village derived from the Hungarian word "kereszt", which means "cross" in English. "Ur" (úr) means "lord." "Keresztúr," as seen in the Hungarian place name "Bodrogkeresztúr," likely refers to a crucifix (Our Lord on the Cross on the Bodrog river - suggesting that more places called Keresztúr were known). The first written record of Ruski Krstur was made during the administration of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1410 and then in 1452, mentioning it under name Kerezthwr.
In Hungarian the village is known as Bácskeresztúr; in Slovak as Ruský Kеrеstur; and in Croatian as Ruski Krstur, in Rusyn Руськый Керестур.
History
editKrstur was mentioned for the first time in history in 1495, as a place in Bačka County. Krstur is also mentioned as Kerestur in a charter from 1522. In the Turkish defter from 1590, Krstur is mentioned as Upper (gornji) Krstur.
During the Turkish rule, Krstur was inhabited by an Orthodox population. In 1715, Krstur had 11 households, in 1720, 14 households, and in 1725, Krstur had 20 households. In 1741, all the inhabitants left Krstur, and in 1742, Krstur was referred to as a deserted settlement. After that, Krstur is mentioned as a wasteland that is leased by the state chamber. In 1746, the merchant Bučuklić held the lease over Krstur, and in 1749, the merchant Vujić got the lease over Krstur.
The official settlement of Krstur began in 1751, when the regional administrator in Bačka, Franz Joseph Redl, signed an agreement with the free peasant Mihajlo Munkači from the village of Červenovo in Bereg county on the settlement of 200 Rusyns families of the Greek Catholic faith from northern Hungary. In the same year, Munkači managed to settle many Rusyns from the Hungarian counties of Munkačka, Ungvar, Saltmars and Ogačka in Krstur.
Since then, Krstur has been mainly inhabited by Rusyns, with a small number of Serbs, Germans and Jews. Krstur had 2,000 inhabitants by the end of the 18th century.[4]
Historic St. Nicholas Cathedral in Ruski Krstur was built in 1784 and underwent a major reconstruction in 1836. The rich carving of the iconostasis is the work of Aksentij Marković from 1791. The walls were painted in 1936 by Milenko Djuric. The church is under the protection of the Republic of Serbia, as a Cultural Monument of Great Importance.[5][6]
Ethnic groups
edit1971
editAccording to the 1971 census, ethnic Rusyns comprised 99.45% of population of the village.
2002
editAccording to the 2002 census, the population of the village include:
Historical population
edit- 1948: 5,874
- 1953: 6,115
- 1961: 5,873
- 1971: 5,960
- 1981: 5,826
- 1991: 5,636
- 2002: 5,213
Education
editFist school in Rusyn language was established in 1753. It developed over decades, from a basic literacy instruction into a full elementary public school. Nowdays, there is a primary school "Petro Kuzmjak" with about 400 enrolled students, and the Gymnasium with about 220 students, offering instruction both in Rusyn and Serbian languages.[7][8]
Culture
editThe Cultural Center of Ruski Krstur dates back from 1872, when the first library was established. It has grown over time to include programs related to music, poetry, and folklore, among others.[9]
Ruski Krstur Castle is an old school building from 1913. Today it serves as the headquarters of the National Council of Rusyns. In the same space, there is also a small ethnographic collection that includes a display of photographs, tools for old crafts, traditional clothing, bridal attire, and more.[7]
The theater in Ruski Krstur was founded in 1971. It is the only Rusyn theater in Serbia, with a repertoire ranging from classics and folklore drama, to chamber and puppetry. In the first five decades of its work it produced over 120 original premiers.[10]
Politics
editThere is an initiative among inhabitants of Ruski Krstur that this settlement become its own municipality completely separate from Kula.
See also
editReferences
edit- Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
- ^ "ПОПИС 2022 - еxcел табеле | О ПОПИСУ СТАНОВНИШТВА". popis2022.stat.gov.rs. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
- ^ Sa bačke crnice na led i sneg Kanade Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sveti Nikolaj – Eparhija" (in Serbian). 2024-09-19. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
- ^ Gavrilović, Vladan (2012). Počeci naseljavanja Rusina u Bačku [THE BEGINNINGS OF SETTLEMENT OF RUTHENIANS IN BAČKA] (in Serbian). Novi Sad, Serbia: Filozofski fakultet Novi Sad. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-86-6065-144-2.
- ^ Vojvodine, Turistička organizacija. "RUSINSKA GRKOKATOLIČKA CRKVA PRENOSA MOŠTIJU SVETOG NIKOLE - Ruski Krstur". Vojvodina Travel. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
- ^ "Споменици културе у Србији". spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ^ a b "Zamak Ruski Krstur -" (in Serbian). Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ^ https://petrokuzmjak.com/sr/istorijat/
- ^ "Dom kulture Ruski krstur".
- ^ Vojvodine, Turistička organizacija. "RUSINSKO NARODNO POZORIŠTE". Vojvodina Travel. Retrieved 2024-10-12.