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Purple Rain (song)

"Purple Rain" is a song by the American musician Prince and his backing band the Revolution. It is the title track from the 1984 album Purple Rain, which in turn is the soundtrack album for the 1984 film Purple Rain starring Prince, and was released as the third single from the album.

"Purple Rain"
US 12-inch single artwork
Single by Prince and the Revolution
from the album Purple Rain
B-side
  • "God"
  • "God" (instr, UK 12-inch)
ReleasedSeptember 26, 1984 (1984-09-26)
Recorded
  • August 3, 1983 (live basic track)
  • August–September 1983 (overdubs)
StudioSunset Sound, Los Angeles (overdubs)
VenueFirst Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota (live basic track)
GenreRock
Length
  • 4:05 (7-inch edit)
  • 8:41 (album/12-inch version)
LabelWarner Bros.
Songwriter(s)Prince[1]
Producer(s)Prince and the Revolution
Prince and the Revolution singles chronology
"Let's Go Crazy"
(1984) 		"Purple Rain"
(1984) 		"I Would Die 4 U"
(1984)
Purple Rain singles chronology
Sex Shooter
(1984) 		Purple Rain
(1984) 		Jungle Love
(1984)
Purple vinyl issue
Limited edition release
Limited edition release

"Purple Rain" reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks, being kept off number one by "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" by Wham!. It hit number one on the US Cash Box Top 100, where it stayed for two weeks. It is certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and is considered to be one of Prince's signature songs. Following Prince's death in 2016, "Purple Rain" re-entered the Billboard Hot 100, where it reached number four.[2] It also re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number six, placing two spaces higher than its original peak. In France, where it originally peaked at number twelve, "Purple Rain" reached number one a week after Prince's death.

"Purple Rain" was ranked number 18 on Rolling Stone's 2021 list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.[3] During Prince's performance at the Super Bowl XLI halftime show in 2007, "Purple Rain" was the last song of his set; the event became especially notable when actual rain fell during the performance while the stage and stadium were lit up with purple lights.[4] The Super Bowl XLI halftime show featuring Prince has topped lists of the best Super Bowl halftime shows of all time.[5][6][7] Prince performed the song as the opening of a medley of his hits with Beyoncé at the 2004 Grammy Awards. It was also the final song he performed at his last concert, which took place on April 14, 2016.[8]

In 2011, "Purple Rain" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[9]

Composition

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Origins

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"Purple Rain" was originally written as a country song and intended to be a collaboration with Stevie Nicks.[10] According to Nicks, she received a 10-minute instrumental version of the song from Prince with a request to write the lyrics, but felt overwhelmed. She said: "I listened to it and I just got scared. I called him back and said, 'I can't do it. I wish I could. It's too much for me.'"[11] At a rehearsal, Prince then asked his backing band to try the song: "I want to try something before we go home. It's mellow." According to Lisa Coleman, Prince then changed the song after Wendy Melvoin started playing guitar chords to accompany the song: "He was excited to hear it voiced differently. It took it out of that country feeling. Then we all started playing it a bit harder and taking it more seriously. We played it for six hours straight and by the end of that day we had it mostly written and arranged."[10]

Prince's explanation of meaning

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Prince explained the meaning of the song as follows: "When there's blood in the sky... red and blue = purple. Purple rain pertains to the end of the world and being with the one you love and letting your faith/God guide you through the purple rain."[12] The title track of Prince's preceding album, 1999, included similar references to a doomed ending under a purple sky ("...could have sworn it was Judgment Day, the sky was all purple..."). The name for the song originated from the lyrics to the 1972 song "Ventura Highway" by the band America.[13][14]

Song structure

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"Purple Rain" is written in the key of B-flat major,[15] opens with a lone guitar quickly followed by live drumming and a prominent Yamaha CP-70 electric grand piano, evoking images of church gospel music. Three verses are each followed by a chorus, with a building emotional delivery. In the context of the film, each verse ties into a different strained relationship Prince's character has and his desire to reconcile. The song is dedicated to his father in the movie, not ex-girlfriend Denise Matthews better known as Vanity. After the final chorus, a guitar solo takes over the song. The song ends with a piano solo and orchestral strings. Prince's vocal range spans from the low note of B♭2 to the high note of C♯6.[16][irrelevant citation]

Background and recording

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The song was recorded during a benefit concert for the Minnesota Dance Theatre at the First Avenue nightclub in Minneapolis on August 3, 1983. The performance was guitarist Wendy Melvoin's live debut with the Revolution, at the age of 19. City Pages described the 70-minute performance as Prince's "sweatiest and most soulful hometown concert yet", and drummer Bobby Z stated, "it certainly was one of the best concerts we ever did".[17]

The concert was recorded by David Rivkin (also known as David Z, brother of Bobby Z) using a mobile recording unit brought in from the Record Plant in New York City, staffed by engineers Dave Hewitt and Koster McAllister.[18] David's older brother Cliff Rifkin was the regional promotion executive for Warners in Minneapolis, who also expedited Prince's label signing. David Z's younger brother, Bobby Z, would then become Prince's drummer in the Revolution. David Z was not surprised when he was requested to set up the live recording on August 3, 1983, "With Prince, you never knew," he declared. "I thought we were recording a concert, but I wasn't sure if it was going to be a record, too. I knew they were working on the movie as, as well. You just had to go in prepared to record whatever it was going to be as well as you could."[19] The basic tracks for three songs were used on the Purple Rain soundtrack: "Purple Rain", "I Would Die 4 U", and "Baby I'm a Star". Prince performed overdubs while working at Sunset Sound in Los Angeles from August to September 1983. A solo and a verse from the original recording were edited out, changing the length from eleven to eight minutes.[17] The extra verse was about money but was removed because it diluted the emotional impact of the song.[20]

After recording the song, Prince phoned Jonathan Cain from Journey to ask him to listen to it, as he was worried that it might be too similar to "Faithfully", a Journey single composed by Cain which had recently been in the charts. Cain reassured Prince by telling him that the songs only shared the same four chords.[21] Lisa Coleman created the string arrangement, played by her brother and friends, that was overdubbed into the song in a studio in Los Angeles.[10]

Release

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For release as a single, the song was edited down from 8:41 to 4:05. The B-side, "God", is a much more overtly religious number (Prince's most religious), recalling the Book of Genesis. The song also features extensive vocal experimentation. Towards the end, Prince mentions "The Dance Electric", which was a song given to former band member André Cymone. In the UK, the 12-inch single also included an instrumental of "God", also known as "Love Theme from "Purple Rain", an edited portion of which appears in the film.

Performances

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The song was a staple of Prince's live performances. He played it on nearly every tour after 1984, except for a period after his name change when he avoided his older hits for a few years.

At the Super Bowl XLI halftime show, in which he was the featured performer, "Purple Rain" was featured as the last song of Prince's set and was, appropriately, played during a downpour at the stadium; when combined with the purple stage lighting, this created the song's signature image.[4]

Prince performed the song as the opening of a medley of his hits with Beyoncé at the 2004 Grammy Awards, and also at the 2006 Brit Awards.

"Purple Rain" ended up being the final song Prince performed live during his final concert in Atlanta, Georgia on April 14, 2016.[8]

Reception and legacy

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In a contemporary review of the single release, Billboard called it "pretty majestic," stating, "captured in four minutes, the song and the emotion that make the pivotal moment of a remarkable film."[22]

The song ranked number 18 in Rolling Stone‘s 2021 list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[23] Q magazine placed it at number 40 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks, and Pitchfork named it the best song of the 1980s.[24] Paste and American Songwriter both ranked it as Prince's greatest song.[25][26] The song is also included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.[3]

Track listing

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Personnel

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Credits sourced from Duane Tudahl, Benoît Clerc, and Guitarcloud[27][28][29]

Charts

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Certifications and sales

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Certifications and sales for "Purple Rain"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[61] Platinum 90,000‡
Italy (FIMI)[62]
sales since 2009 		Platinum 100,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[63] Gold 7,500*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[64] Gold 30,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[65] 2× Platinum 1,200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[66]
1984 sales 		Gold 1,000,000^
United States
digital sales 		— 1,720,968[67]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ The original single release credits the authors of the song as Prince and the Revolution, but the song's authorship is registered with ASCAP as solely by Prince.
  2. ^ Madeline Raynor (April 21, 2016). "Prince Is No. 1 on iTunes Today -- Vulture". Vulture. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  3. ^ a b "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll | the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum". rockhall.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  4. ^ a b NFL (February 12, 2016). "Prince Performs "Purple Rain" During Downpour | Super Bowl XLI Halftime Show | NFL". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021.
  5. ^ https://youtube.com/hOUqXWk-nCI [dead link‍]
  6. ^ Brad Kava (February 4, 2007). "Mini Review: Prince At Super Bowl". Mercury News.
  7. ^ "No Malfunction as Prince Rocks Halftime". New York Times. Associated Press. February 5, 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2007.
  8. ^ a b Brent Lang,Katie Van Syckle (April 21, 2016). "Prince's Final Days: Inside His Last Concerts - Variety". Variety. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  9. ^ "GRAMMY Hall Of Fame | Hall of Fame Artists | GRAMMY.com". grammy.com.
  10. ^ a b c Hann, Michael (July 24, 2017). "How we made Prince's Purple Rain". The Guardian.
  11. ^ "Stevie Nicks: 'I turned down Prince's offer to write 'Purple Rain' lyrics'". NME. September 16, 2011.
  12. ^ NME.COM (December 10, 2012). "20 Things You Didn't Know About Purple Rain". NME.COM. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  13. ^ Toombs, Mikel (June 1, 1985). "'America' still fares well through thick and thin". The San Diego Union.
  14. ^ Kostanczuk, Bob (June 22, 1990). "America Still Alive, Crazy After All These Years". Post-Tribune.
  15. ^ Prince; Prince (May 1, 2009). "Purple Rain". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  16. ^ "Prince - Purple Rain Sheet Music". musicnotes.com. May 2009. Arrangement Details. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
  17. ^ a b Nilsen, Per (2003). Dance Music Sex Romance: Prince: The First Decade. SAF Publishing, pp. 153–155. ISBN 0-946719-64-0
  18. ^ Daley, Dan (January 1, 2009). "Classic Tracks: Prince and the Revolution's "Purple Rain"". Mix. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  19. ^ Citation Daley, D. (2009, 01). Music: Prince and the revolution - "purple rain". Mix, 33, 58-61. Proquest
  20. ^ "20 Things You Didn't Know About 'Purple Rain'". NME. December 10, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  21. ^ "Hitlåtens Historia, "Don't Stop Believin'" by Journey, Extramaterial: Prince Trodde att Han hade Scott later". svt.se. January 30, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  22. ^ "Singles Reviews". Billboard. October 6, 1984. p. 62. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  23. ^ "Purple Rain ranked #18 on Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs List". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  24. ^ "The 200 Best Songs of the 1980s - Page 10". Pitchfork. August 24, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  25. ^ Ham, Robert (April 27, 2016). "The 50 Best Prince Songs". Paste. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  26. ^ Walthall, Catherine (February 8, 2022). "The Top 10 Prince Songs". American Songwriter. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  27. ^ Tudahl, Duane (2018). Prince and the Purple Rain Era Studio Sessions: 1983 and 1984 (Expanded ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538116432.
  28. ^ Clerc, Benoît (October 2022). Prince: All the Songs. Octopus. ISBN 9781784728816.
  29. ^ "Purple Rain". guitarcloud.org. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  30. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  31. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  32. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  33. ^ "Radio 2 Top 30" (in Dutch). Top 30. Archived from the original on March 28, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  34. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 9550." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  35. ^ Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Prince". Sisältää hitin - 2. laitos Levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla 1.1.1960–30.6.2021 (PDF) (in Finnish). Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava. p. 204. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
  36. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  37. ^ "Las canciones más populares en Latinoamérica". La Opinión (Los Angeles) (in Spanish). November 19, 1984. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
  38. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Purple Rain". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  39. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain". Top Digital Download. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  40. ^ "Prince Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  41. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 44, 1984" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  42. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  43. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  44. ^ "Topp 20 Single uke 49, 1984 – VG-lista. Offisielle hitlister fra og med 1958" (in Norwegian). VG-lista. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  45. ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  46. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  47. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain". Singles Top 100. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  48. ^ "Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  49. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  50. ^ "Prince Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  51. ^ "Prince Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  52. ^ "Hot Rock Songs - May 14, 2016". Billboard Hot Rock Songs. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  53. ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending NOVEMBER 10, 1984". Cash Box magazine. Archived from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  54. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  55. ^ "Ultratop Jaaroverzichten 1984". Ultratop 50 (in Dutch). Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  56. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 9638." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  57. ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1984". Dutch Top 40 (in Dutch). Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  58. ^ "Dutch Jaaroverzichten Single 1984". Single Top 100 (in Dutch). Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  59. ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1984". Cash Box magazine. Archived from the original on September 30, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  60. ^ "Hot Rock Songs – Year-End 2016". Billboard. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  61. ^ "Danish single certifications – Prince – Purple Rain". IFPI Danmark. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  62. ^ "Italian single certifications – Prince & the Revolution – Purple Rain" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  63. ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Prince and the Revolution – Purple Rain". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  64. ^ "Spanish single certifications – Prince – Purple Rain". El portal de Música. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  65. ^ "British single certifications – Prince & the Revolution – Purple Rain". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  66. ^ "American single certifications – Prince & the Revolution – Purple Rain". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  67. ^ "Nielsen SoundScan charts – Digital Songs – Week Ending: 7/6/2017" (PDF). Nielsen SoundScan. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
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