Psalm 10 is the tenth psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Why standest thou afar off, O LORD? why hidest thou thyself in times of trouble?" In the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, it is not an individual psalm but the second part of psalm 9, "Ut quid Domine recessisti".[1] These two consecutive psalms have the form of a single acrostic Hebrew poem. Compared to Psalm 9, Psalm 10 is focused more on the individual than the collective human condition.[2]
| Psalm 10 | |
|---|---|
| "Why standest thou afar off, O LORD?" | |
 End of Psalm 10 in the 9th-century Elzevir Bible | |
| Other name |
|
| Text | by David |
| Language | Hebrew (original) |
The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.
Text
editHebrew
editThe following table shows the Hebrew text[3][4] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).
| Verse | Hebrew | English translation (JPS 1917) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הֹוָה תַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד בְּרָח֑וֹק תַּ֝עְלִ֗ים לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃ | Why standest Thou afar off, O LORD? Why hidest Thou Thyself in times of trouble? |
| 2 | בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י יִתָּֽפְשׂ֓וּ ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃ | Through the pride of the wicked the poor is hotly pursued, They are taken in the devices that they have imagined. |
| 3 | כִּֽי־הִלֵּ֣ל רָ֭שָׁע עַל־תַּאֲוַ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּבֹצֵ֥עַ בֵּ֝רֵ֗ךְ נִ֘אֵ֥ץ ׀ יְהֹוָֽה׃ | For the wicked boasteth of his heart's desire, And the covetous vaunteth himself, though he contemn the LORD. |
| 4 | רָשָׁ֗ע כְּגֹ֣בַהּ אַ֭פּוֹ בַּל־יִדְרֹ֑שׁ אֵ֥ין אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים כׇּל־מְזִמּוֹתָֽיו׃ | The wicked, in the pride of his countenance [, saith]: 'He will not require'; All his thoughts are: 'There is no God.' |
| 5 | יָ֘חִ֤ילוּ דְרָכָ֨ו ׀ בְּכׇל־עֵ֗ת מָר֣וֹם מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ מִנֶּגְדּ֑וֹ כׇּל־צ֝וֹרְרָ֗יו יָפִ֥יחַ בָּהֶֽם׃ | His ways prosper at all times; Thy judgments are far above out of his sight; As for all his adversaries, he puffeth at them. |
| 6 | אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ בַּל־אֶמּ֑וֹט לְדֹ֥ר וָ֝דֹ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בְרָֽע׃ | He saith in his heart: 'I shall not be moved, I who to all generations shall not be in adversity.' |
| 7 | אָלָ֤ה ׀ פִּ֣יהוּ מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ תַּ֥חַת לְ֝שׁוֹנ֗וֹ עָמָ֥ל וָאָֽוֶן׃ | His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and oppression; Under his tongue is mischief and iniquity. |
| 8 | יֵשֵׁ֤ב ׀ בְּמַאְרַ֬ב חֲצֵרִ֗ים בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים יַהֲרֹ֣ג נָקִ֑י עֵ֝ינָ֗יו לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃ | He sitteth in the lurking-places of the villages; In secret places doth he slay the innocent; His eyes are on the watch for the helpless. |
| 9 | יֶאֱרֹ֬ב בַּמִּסְתָּ֨ר ׀ כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה בְסֻכֹּ֗ה יֶ֭אֱרֹב לַחֲט֣וֹף עָנִ֑י יַחְטֹ֥ף עָ֝נִ֗י בְּמׇשְׁכ֥וֹ בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | He lieth in wait in a secret place as a lion in his lair, He lieth in wait to catch the poor; He doth catch the poor, when he draweth him up in his net. |
| 10 | (ודכה) [יִדְכֶּ֥ה] יָשֹׁ֑חַ וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֝עֲצוּמָ֗יו (חלכאים) [חֵ֣ל כָּאִֽים]׃ | He croucheth, he boweth down, And the helpless fall into his mighty claws. |
| 11 | אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ שָׁ֣כַֽח אֵ֑ל הִסְתִּ֥יר פָּ֝נָ֗יו בַּל־רָאָ֥ה לָנֶֽצַח׃ | He hath said in his heart: 'God hath forgotten; He hideth His face; He will never see.' |
| 12 | קוּמָ֤ה יְהֹוָ֗ה אֵ֭ל נְשָׂ֣א יָדֶ֑ךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח (עניים) [עֲנָוִֽים]׃ | Arise, O LORD; O God, lift up Thy hand; Forget not the humble. |
| 13 | עַל־מֶ֤ה ׀ נִאֵ֖ץ רָשָׁ֥ע ׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אָמַ֥ר בְּ֝לִבּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִדְרֹֽשׁ׃ | Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God, And say in his heart: 'Thou wilt not require'? |
| 14 | רָאִ֡תָה כִּי־אַתָּ֤ה ׀ עָ֘מָ֤ל וָכַ֨עַס ׀ תַּבִּיט֮ לָתֵ֢ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ עָ֭לֶיךָ יַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵלֵ֑כָה יָ֝ת֗וֹם אַתָּ֤ה ׀ הָיִ֬יתָ עוֹזֵֽר׃ | Thou hast seen; for Thou beholdest trouble and vexation, to requite them with Thy hand; Unto Thee the helpless committeth himself; Thou hast been the helper of the fatherless. |
| 15 | שְׁ֭בֹר זְר֣וֹעַ רָשָׁ֑ע וָ֝רָ֗ע תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־רִשְׁע֥וֹ בַל־תִּמְצָֽא׃ | Break Thou the arm of the wicked; And as for the evil man, search out his wickedness, till none be found. |
| 16 | יְהֹוָ֣ה מֶ֭לֶךְ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד אָבְד֥וּ ג֝וֹיִ֗ם מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | The LORD is King for ever and ever; The nations are perished out of His land. |
| 17 | תַּאֲוַ֬ת עֲנָוִ֣ים שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ יְהֹוָ֑ה תָּכִ֥ין לִ֝בָּ֗ם תַּקְשִׁ֥יב אׇזְנֶֽךָ׃ | LORD, Thou hast heard the desire of the humble: Thou wilt direct their heart, Thou wilt cause Thine ear to attend; |
| 18 | לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | To right the fatherless and the oppressed, That man who is of the earth may be terrible no more. |
King James Version
edit- Why standest thou afar off, O LORD? why hidest thou thyself in times of trouble?
- The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor: let them be taken in the devices that they have imagined.
- For the wicked boasteth of his heart's desire, and blesseth the covetous, whom the LORD abhorreth.
- The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his thoughts.
- His ways are always grievous; thy judgments are far above out of his sight: as for all his enemies, he puffeth at them.
- He hath said in his heart, I shall not be moved: for I shall never be in adversity.
- His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and fraud: under his tongue is mischief and vanity.
- He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages: in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privily set against the poor.
- He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, when he draweth him into his net.
- He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones.
- He hath said in his heart, God hath forgotten: he hideth his face; he will never see it.
- Arise, O LORD; O God, lift up thine hand: forget not the humble.
- Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God? he hath said in his heart, Thou wilt not require it.
- Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to requite it with thy hand: the poor committeth himself unto thee; thou art the helper of the fatherless.
- Break thou the arm of the wicked and the evil man: seek out his wickedness till thou find none.
- The LORD is King for ever and ever: the heathen are perished out of his land.
- LORD, thou hast heard the desire of the humble: thou wilt prepare their heart, thou wilt cause thine ear to hear:
- To judge the fatherless and the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress.
Context
editPsalm 8 reflects on man's special place in creation. In contrast, both psalms 9 and 10 will end with statements setting mankind in a more negative light in the final verses of each. Psalm 9 closes with the phase "Put them in fear, O Lord: that the nations may know themselves to be but men, selah" Psalm 9:20 [5] and Psalm 10:18 closes Psalm 10 with "...that the man of the earth may no more oppress."[6] Some speculate that the final word of Psalm 9, selah, possibly meaning "a pause",[7] might link the two psalms 9 and 10 together.[citation needed]
Taken together, Psalms 9 and 10 comprise a continuous acrostic psalm in the Hebrew alphabet. Some texts, such as the Septuagint, combine them. They also contrast as Psalm 9 is more victorious and 10 more of a lament.[citation needed]
Uses
editJudaism
edit- This psalm is recited during the Ten Days of Repentance in some traditions.[8]
- Verse 16 forms parts of the eighth and ninth verses of Yehi Kivod in Pesukei Dezimra,[9] part of Baruch Hashem L'Olam in Maariv,[10] and part of the Bedtime Shema.[11]
- Verse 17 is found in the repetition of the Amidah during Rosh Hashanah.[12]
New Testament
editCatholic Church
editAccording to the Rule of St. Benedict (530 AD), Psalm 1 to Psalm 20 were mainly reserved for the Office of Prime. Psalm 9 is sung in the Latin version translated from the Greek Septuagint, and therefore includes Psalm 10, as noted above. Benedict had divided this Psalm 9/10 in two parts, one sung to the end of the Office of Prime Tuesday (Psalm 9: 1–19) and the other (Psalm 9: 20–21 and Psalm 10: 1–18) is the first of the three readings on Wednesday. In other words, the first verses of Psalm 9 until "Quoniam non in finem erit oblivio pauperis: patientia pauperum non peribit in finem," formed the third and final Prime Psalm from Tuesday, the second part of the Psalm (Vulgate according to his view) was recited as the first psalm of the Office of Prime Wednesday.[14][15]
Traditionally Psalms 9 and 10 were recited as the seventh Psalms of Sunday Matins.
Book of Common Prayer
editIn the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the second day of the month.[16]
Musical settings
editHeinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase of Psalm 10 in German, "Wie meinst du's doch, ach Herr, mein Gott", SWV 106, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.
References
edit- ^ "Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 9". Archived from the original on 2017-09-30. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ The Artscroll Tehillim page 16
- ^ "Psalms – Chapter 10". Mechon Mamre.
- ^ "Psalms 10 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
- ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Psalm 9 - King James Version".
- ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Psalm 10 - King James Version".
- ^ Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, 5542: selah, accessed 15 July 2020
- ^ The Artscroll Tehillim, page 329
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 67
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 267
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 293
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah, page 345
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 838. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ Traduction par Prosper Guéranger, Règle de saint Benoît, (Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007)p46.
- ^ The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.
- ^ Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, pp. 201-202
External links
edit- Pieces with text from Psalm 10: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Psalm 10: Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Text of Psalm 10 according to the 1928 Psalter
- Psalms Chapter 10 text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
- Why, LORD, do you stand afar and pay no heed in times of trouble? text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
- Psalm 10:1 introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
- Psalm 10 – From Times of Trouble to Calm Confidence enduringword.com
- Psalm 10 / Refrain: You, Lord, have never failed those who seek you. Church of England
- Psalm 10 at biblegateway.com
- Hymns for Psalm 10 hymnary.org