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Mundari Bani

Mundari Bani (Mundari: ๐ž“ง๐ž“Ÿ๐ž“จ๐ž“œ๐ž“•๐ž“ฃ๐ž“š ๐ž“—๐ž“•๐ž“จ๐ž“š Mundari Bani 'Mundari alphabet', also known as Mundari Bani Hisir Hisir 'writing', Nag Mundari ๐ž“จ๐ž“•๐ž“ฆ ๐ž“ง๐ž“Ÿ๐ž“จ๐ž“œ๐ž“•๐ž“ฃ๐ž“š, or the Mundari alphabet) is the writing system created for the Mundari language, spoken in eastern India. Mundari is an Austroasiatic language. Mundari Bani has 27 letters and five diacritics, the forms of which are intended to evoke natural shapes. The script is written from left to right.

Mundari Bani
๐ž“ง๐ž“Ÿ๐ž“จ๐ž“œ๐ž“•๐ž“ฃ๐ž“š ๐ž“—๐ž“•๐ž“จ๐ž“š
'Mundari' in Mundari Bani Script
Script type
CreatorRohidas Singh Nag
Created1982
Time period
1982 to present
DirectionLeft to Right
RegionOdisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam (India)
LanguagesMundari
Related scripts
Parent systems
Original invention
  • Mundari Bani
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Nagm (295), โ€‹Nag Mundari
Unicode
Unicode alias
Nag Mundari
U+1E4D0โ€“U+1E4FF Nagย Mundari
This article contains Mundari text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Mundari Barni (script).
Mundari Bani

Community elder and author Rohidas Singh Nag invented and published in late 1980 the alphabetic writing system Mundari Bani, which has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing.

History

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Rohidas Singh Nag started designing the initial characters of Mundari bani in 1949 while in grade school, which he wrote on the walls using clay.[1][2] By 1953 he had finished a set of 35 characters. He further simplified the alphabet in 1980 by reducing it to 27 alphabetical characters. In 2008 Bharat Munda Samaj, Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda and Nag reformed the script in styling and adding glyphs. Since then, fonts were developed using this standard.

 
Rohidas Singh Nag, creator of Mundari Bani script

Nag presented the alphabet in the 1980s to then-Chief Minister of Odisha Janaki Ballabh Patnaik and submitted a memorandum to recognize the Munda language constitutionally. Nag along with others submitted a memorandum to the then president of India in 1999 appealing again for the constitutional recognition. "Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda", a social organisation of the Munda community based in Poda Astia, Mayurbhanj has been demanding to incorporate the Munda language in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India, to air Munda language through All India Radio, and establish a Munda language department at North Odisha University for higher studies on the basis of the writing system and literature.[3] The writing system has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing.

The script

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Since the 2008 edits, Mundari Bani has 27 alphabetical characters, five diacritics, ten (decimal) digits. Their names follow traditional names. It uses Latin-script punctuation like period and comma.[2]

Sample text

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The following text is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, written in Mundari Bani (a suitable Unicode font may be required for proper viewing):[4]

๐ž“๐ž“๐ž“จ๐ž“๐ž“—-๐ž“ฑ:
๐ž“›๐ž“๐ž“—๐ž“ค๐ž“จ ๐ž“ž๐ž“๐ž“ช๐ž“ ๐ž“ข๐ž“๐ž“ข๐ž“ค๐ž“ฎ ๐ž“ง๐ž“•๐ž“จ๐ž“•๐ž“ฃ๐ž“” ๐ž“๐ž“œ๐ž“๐ž“™ ๐ž“๐ž“ข๐ž“๐ž“š๐ž““๐ž“•๐ž“ฃ ๐ž“ข๐ž“๐ž“ฃ๐ž“ค๐ž““๐ž“•๐ž“ฆ ๐ž“‘๐ž“•๐ž“š๐ž“๐ž“š ๐ž“—๐ž“•๐ž“—๐ž“๐ž“ ๐ž“ฃ๐ž“ค ๐ž“–๐ž“๐ž“จ๐ž“๐ž“ง ๐ž“–๐ž“๐ž“ฃ๐ž“๐ž“”๐ž“ค๐ž“๐ž“ค ๐ž“•๐ž“ก๐ž“•๐ž“จ๐ž“•๐ž“ก ๐ž“๐ž“œ๐ž“๐ž“ฆ ๐ž“—๐ž“๐ž“ฃ๐ž“•๐ž“—๐ž“๐ž“ฃ๐ž“š ๐ž“จ๐ž“•๐ž“ง๐ž“•๐ž“ข๐ž“•๐ž“จ๐ž“•. ๐ž“š๐ž“จ๐ž“ข๐ž“Ÿ๐ž“ฆ๐ž“ข๐ž“ค ๐ž“›๐ž“ค๐ž“ฅ๐ž“• ๐ž“๐ž“œ๐ž“๐ž“ฆ ๐ž“–๐ž“š๐ž“ฎ๐ž“ญ ๐ž“‘๐ž“ค๐ž“ช๐ž“ค๐ž“ฆ ๐ž“–๐ž“š๐ž“ญ๐ž“Ÿ๐ž“ฃ๐ž“ค๐ž““๐ž“•๐ž“™ ๐ž“ค๐ž“จ๐ž“ค๐ž“ง๐ž“ข๐ž“ ๐ž“จ๐ž“•๐ž“ง๐ž“•๐ž“ข๐ž“•๐ž“จ๐ž“• ๐ž“๐ž“œ๐ž“๐ž“™ ๐ž“š๐ž“จ๐ž“ข๐ž“Ÿ๐ž“™ ๐ž“’๐ž“๐ž“™๐ž“๐ž“ค ๐ž“ž๐ž“•๐ž“ฆ๐ž“ค๐ž““๐ž“• ๐ž“—๐ž“๐ž““๐ž“• ๐ž“’๐ž“ค๐ž“ข๐ž“• ๐ž“–๐ž“•๐ž“ฆ๐ž“•๐ž“ฃ ๐ž“—๐ž“•๐ž“ข๐ž“•๐ž“๐ž“š๐ž“˜๐ž“•๐ž“™.

Unicode

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Main article: Nag Mundari (Unicode block)

The Mundari Bani alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2022 with the release of version 15.0.[5] The Unicode block is called Nag Mundari (U+1E4D0โ€“U+1E4FF):

Nag Mundari[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
ย  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1E4Dx ๐ž“ ๐ž“‘ ๐ž“’ ๐ž““ ๐ž“” ๐ž“• ๐ž“– ๐ž“— ๐ž“˜ ๐ž“™ ๐ž“š ๐ž“› ๐ž“œ ๐ž“ ๐ž“ž ๐ž“Ÿ
U+1E4Ex ๐ž“  ๐ž“ก ๐ž“ข ๐ž“ฃ ๐ž“ค ๐ž“ฅ ๐ž“ฆ ๐ž“ง ๐ž“จ ๐ž“ฉ ๐ž“ช ๐ž“ซ ๐ž“ฌ ๐ž“ญ ๐ž“ฎ ๐ž“ฏ
U+1E4Fx ๐ž“ฐ ๐ž“ฑ ๐ž“ฒ ๐ž“ณ ๐ž“ด ๐ž“ต ๐ž“ถ ๐ž“ท ๐ž“ธ ๐ž“น
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

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  1. ^ Know Your State West Bengal. Arihant Experts. 22 August 2019. p.ย 272. ISBNย 9789313198017.
  2. ^ a b Wolf-Sonkin, Lawrence; Mandal, Biswajit (8 January 2021). "L2/21-031: Proposal to Encode the Mundari Bani Script in the Universal Character Set" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  3. ^ "page no.96, Adivasi, A Journal of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2016.
  4. ^ "Mundari Bani Alphabet". Omniglot.com. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  5. ^ The Unicode Standard (PDF). 15.0.0. The Unicode Consortium. 2022. ISBNย 978-1-936213-32-0.
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