Macphersonite, Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2 (OH)2, is a carbonate mineral that is trimorphous with leadhillite and susannite. Macphersonite is generally white, colorless, or a pale amber in color and has a white streak. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with a space group of Pcab. It is fairly soft mineral that has a high specific gravity.
| Macphersonite | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Category | Carbonate mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2 (OH)2 |
| IMA symbol | Mps[1] |
| Strunz classification | 5.BF.40 |
| Dana classification | 17.01.04.01 |
| Crystal system | Orthorhombic |
| Crystal class | Dipyramidal (mmm) H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Space group | Pcab |
| Unit cell | a = 10.37 Å, b = 23.10 Å, c = 9.25 Å, β = 106.43°; Z = 8 |
| Identification | |
| Formula mass | 1,078.90 g/mol |
| Color | White, pale amber, colorless |
| Crystal habit | Pseudo hexagonal, tabular |
| Twinning | Polysynthetic, lamellar, contact |
| Cleavage | Perfect on {010} |
| Fracture | Uneven |
| Mohs scale hardness | 2.5 - 3 |
| Luster | Adamantine, otherwise resinous |
| Streak | White |
| Specific gravity | 6.50 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (-) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.000 nγ = 2.010 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.140 |
| 2V angle | 35-36° |
| Dispersion | r > v |
| Ultraviolet fluorescence | A very strong and vivid yellow |
| Other characteristics | Polymorph of leadhillite and susannite |
| References | [2][3][4][5][6] |
Macphersonite is named after Harry Gordon Macpherson,[4] a keeper of minerals at the Royal Scottish Museum. It was discovered and accepted in 1984.
Structure
editThe structure of macphersonite is represented as a sequence of three layers stacked along the [001]. The first layer is a sulfate tetrahedra, the second is of lead and hydroxide, and the third is a layer composed of lead and carbonate. Stacking of the three layers can be detailed as ...BABCCBABCC...[5] similar to leadhillite. Two C layers of lead carbonate in the BAB stacking provide a weak connection that leads to the perfect {001} cleavage.
Physical properties
editThe Leadhills macphersonite is a very pale amber to colorless in color, while the Argentolle mine macphersonite is colorless to white.[4] It has a luster of adamantine on fresh surfaces and elsewhere it is resinous. Macphersonite is soft with a 2.5-3 on the Mohs hardness, has an uneven fracture with a high density of 6.5g/cm3.[3]
Macphersonite has a very strong yellow fluorescence under both long and short wave, ultraviolet is displayed by the Leadhills specimens, the Argentolle material does not fluoresce.
Occurrence
editMacphersonite is found in the Leadhills region of southwest Scotland and in the Saint-Prix, Saône-et-Loire region of France. It is the rarest of the three polymorphs. It occurs in lead deposits associated with cerussite, susannite, caledonite, scotlandite, leadhillite, galena and pyromorphite.
References
edit- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Mineralienatlas
- ^ a b Web Mineral
- ^ a b c Livingstone, A.; Sarp, H. (1984). "Macphersonite, a new mineral from Leadhills, Scotland, and Saint-Prix, France – a polymorph of leadhillite and susannite" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 48 (347): 277–82. Bibcode:1984MinM...48..277L. doi:10.1180/minmag.1984.048.347.14. S2CID 55488942. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ a b Steele, Ian, Pluth, Joseph, Livingstone, Alan. Crystal structure of macphersonite (Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2 (OH)2): comparison with leadhillite Mineralogical Magazine, 1998 vol 62(4), pp 451=459
- ^ Macphersonite data on Mindat