Little Eyolf (Lille Eyolf in the original Norwegian title) is an 1894 play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. The play was first performed in Norwegian on December 3, 1894, at a 9 a.m. matinee performance in the Haymarket Theatre in London.[1]
Plot
editLittle Eyolf tells the story of the Allmers family. At the outset of the play, the father, Alfred, has just returned from a trip to the mountains. While there, he resolved to focus foremost on raising his son Eyolf, rather than continue work on his book, Human Responsibility. Eyolf, though described as having "beautiful, intelligent eyes",[2] is paralyzed in one of his legs, and thus his life is a sheltered one. He craves more than anything else to live the life of a normal boy, but his father knows that this is not possible. As such, Alfred wants to turn Eyolf towards loftier, intellectual pursuits.
The Allmers household is soon visited by the Rat-Wife, a woman capable of enchanting rodents into following her into the sea, where they drown. She leaves when informed that her services are unnecessary, and Eyolf follows her, unnoticed by Alfred, his wife Rita, and Alfred's sister Asta. Once Eyolf is gone, Alfred details his plan for being a better father to Eyolf and allowing him to attain happiness. In the course of his description, they are visited by Borghejm, an engineer, who is interested in Asta. While Asta and Borghejm walk outside, Rita's possessiveness of Alfred is revealed, during which she even wishes that Eyolf had never been born, as he diverts Alfred's attention from herself. Rita and Alfred's conversation is interrupted by the return of Asta and Borghejm, and then followed by sounds of shouts down by the sea, which reveal that Eyolf has drowned after following the Rat-Wife into the sea.
Down by the sea, Alfred mourns and is comforted by Asta. Rita and Borghejm follow, and once again Borghejm removes Asta from the action allowing for confrontation between Rita and Alfred. In the course of their conversation, Rita talks more about needing Alfred wholly while Alfred reveals that he married Rita in order to be able to better Asta's life. They also each blame each other for Eyolf's injury (as a baby, he fell off a table while they were making love), with Alfred accusing Rita of "luring me in to you",[3] distracting him from his duty to watch over Eyolf.
Borghejm and Asta return, and Borghejm is once again unsuccessful at convincing Asta to marry him. However, when asked by Alfred and Rita to stay with them and take Eyolf's place, somehow allowing them to ease their guilt and avoid the problems in their relationship, Asta decides to marry Borghejm and follow him north. With Alfred indicating a continued unwillingness to be the husband Rita desires, she shares her new plan to try to better the lives of the poorer children who live down by the sea. In this, Alfred sees something positive again in Rita, and Alfred decides to remain, so that together they can atone for their mistakes.
Characters
edit- Alfred Allmers
- Rita Allmers, his wife
- Eyolf, their son, nine years old
- Asta Allmers, Alfred's younger half-sister
- Borghejm, a road builder
- The Rat-Wife (said to be based on Kristine Cathrine Ploug)
Adaptations
editA production of Little Eyolf was featured in the BBC television anthology series Play of the Month in July 1982. It stars Anthony Hopkins as Alfred, Diana Rigg as Rita and Peggy Ashcroft in the role of the Rat Wife.[4]
Samuel Adamson's Mrs Affleck, which translates the action to the 1950s and set it on the English coast in Kent, premiered at the National Theatre in January 2009 to mixed reviews.[5][6][7][8][9] Cast credits are Claire Skinner as Rita Affleck, Angus Wright as Alfred Affleck, and Naomi Frederick as Audrey Affleck.[10]
The 1989 film Jazeere, directed by Indian director Govind Nihlani, is a modernized take on the story. This Hindi version starred stalwarts like Ratna Pathak, Rajit Kapoor, Mita Vashisht, and Irrfan Khan. Vanraj Bhatia scored the background music for the film.
The 2009 film The Frost, directed by Spanish director Ferran Audí, is a modernized take on the story.
The 2016 Edinburgh Festival performance Little Wolfie, directed by Norwegian director Invi Brenna, is a contemporary adaptation for the 21st century.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Globe", 8th December 1894, p. 6.
- ^ Ibsen, Ibsen: The Complete Major Prose Plays, 870.
- ^ Ibsen, Ibsen: The Complete Major Prose Plays, 909.
- ^ ""Play of the Month" Little Eyolf (1982)". Retrieved 2007-11-22.
- ^ Benedict Nightingale (2009-01-29). "Mrs Affleck at Cottesloe". The Times. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
is [Claire Skinner's] riveting portrait of a trapped woman enough to justify Marianne Elliott's strong, tense production?
- ^ Michael Billington (2009-01-28). "Mrs Affleck". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ Susannah Clapp (2009-02-01). "Forgive and forget". The Observer. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
Ibsen's 1894 play isn't often performed and it's not hard to see why.
- ^ Charles Spencer (2009-01-29). "Drowning in gloom: Mrs Affleck at the National Theatre, review". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2009-08-28. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
if you are feeling even marginally low in spirits, this is a play to avoid like the plague.
- ^ Michael Coveney (2009-01-29). "Mrs Affleck, Cottesloe, National Theatre, London". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
Laden with fine writing, a keen dramatic intelligence and good acting, the show still never catches fire.
- ^ ""Mrs.Affleck National Theatre" (2009)". Archived from the original on 2008-12-16.
Bibliography
edit- Ibsen, Henrik (1978). Ibsen: The Complete Major Prose Plays. New York: Plume. ISBN 0-452-26205-4.
External links
edit- Little Eyolf at Project Gutenberg
Little Eyolf public domain audiobook at LibriVox
- Little Eyolf at the Internet Broadway Database