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The article's lead section may need to be rewritten. (October 2024) |
 | |
| Industry | Automotive |
|---|---|
| Founded | Turin, Italy (during 1912) |
| Founder | Giovanni Bertone |
Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Cars |
| Services | Coachbuilder of vehicles |
| Owner | Jean-Franck Ricci Mauro Ricci |
| Website | bertone |
Gruppo Bertone, commonly known as Bertone, was an Italian industrial design company which specialized in car styling, coachbuilding and manufacturing. It was also a car manufacturing company.
The company was based in Grugliasco, northern Italy. Gruppo Bertone was founded as Carrozzeria Bertone in 1912 by Giovanni Bertone. Designer Nuccio Bertone took charge of the company after World War II and the company was divided into two units: Carrozzeria for manufacturing and Stile Bertone for styling. Until its bankruptcy in 2014, the company was headed by the widow of Nuccio Bertone, Lilli Bertone. At the time of bankruptcy, it had around 100 direct employees. In 2014, most employees lost their jobs and were not absorbed by following acquisitions. Cars from the company museum went to other museums, like Automotoclub Storico Italiano and Volandia.
After its bankruptcy, the Bertone name was acquired by an architect and retained by some of its former employees, who continued as a Milan-based small external design office, Bertone Design, more focused on industrial design and architecture. Bertone Design was sold to the group AKKA Technologies in the second quarter of 2016, which already had automotive design activities through Mercedes-Benz Technologies. The AKKA Technologies group subsequently sold the Bertone brand in 2020 to Mauro and Jean-Franck Ricci, the new owners. In 2022, Mauro and Jean-Franck Ricci revived the Bertone brand. The first in a series of limited edition vehicles, the GB110, was presented in December 2022, then unveiled in June 2024.
History
editEarly years
editGiovanni Bertone started a carriage manufacturing business in Turin, Italy, at the age of 28. Along with three workers, he built horse-drawn vehicles. In 1914, Bertone's second son, Giuseppe, nicknamed "Nuccio", was born. The outbreak of the First World War forced Giovanni Bertone to close his company. In 1920, a new plant was opened near the Monginevro 119 in Turin. Twenty people were on the payroll. One year later, a contract on a torpedo-styled body based on the SPA 23S chassis was signed by the company.[1] Then, the FIAT "501 Sport Siluro Corsa" was designed.
During the 1920s, Giovanni Bertone began doing bodywork on the Fast, Chiribiri, Aurea, SCAT, and Diatto chassis. Vincenzo Lancia nicknamed him "Bertunot"; he commissioned Bertone to create cars for the "limited series". Giovanni Bertone produced torpedo and saloon bodies for FIAT and Lancia and for Itala, Diatto, and SPA. Alongside sports models like the 1928 Ansaldo 6BS, Giovanni Bertone also designed cars like the Fiat 505 limousine and the Itala 51S, both in 1924. He later designed the Lancia Lambda VIII Series in 1928. In 1932, Giovanni designed the Lancia Artena, which was produced until 1936. In 1933, Nuccio Bertone officially began working in his father's company. The company moved to Corso Peschiera 225. Gruppo Bertone now had fifty members of staff. In 1934, Bertone created the Fiat 527S Ardita 2500.[2]
With the outbreak of the Second World War, Bertone reacted to the crisis by turning to manufacturing military vehicles. The company created vehicles such as the Bertone ambulance on a Lancia Artena base. The chassis Fiat 2800 cabriolet was manufactured; it was built on commission for race driver and motoring journalist Giovanni Lurani Cernuschi. Nuccio Bertone also created cars like the Lancia Aprilia Cabriolet, the Fiat 1100 Stanguellini racing car, and the Berlinetta Aerodinamica Tecnica (BAT) concept cars.
In 1956, they produced the Abarth 750 Record; it was built on a Fiat 600 chassis and tested on the high-speed track at Monza. Abarth 750 Record sets ten world records, including doing 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) at an average of 156.36 km/h and covering 10,125.26 km in 72 hours. In 1957, the company expanded to start the production of the NSU Sport Prinz. Construction work began in Grugliasco for a new plant that became operative in 1959 with a workforce of 550. At the end of the 1950s, Bertone created the Giulietta Sprint Speciale, the Aston Martin DB2/4, and the Maserati 3500 GT.[2]
1960s – 1990s
editGiorgetto Giugiaro came up with five variations of five GT models: the Alfa Romeo 2600 Sprint, in coupé and cabriolet versions; two Ferrari 250 GTs, one named 'Wax' after the commissioning client; and the others for his personal use, the Aston Martin DB4 GT 'Jet' and the Maserati 5000 GT. At the same time, two new industrial partnerships were worked on with the Simca 1000 Coupé and the BMW 3200 CS limited series. The ASA 1000 GT, better known as the "Ferrarina", or "little Ferrari" (as the project originated with Enzo Ferrari), was a commercial failure upon its release.[3] The Iso Rivolta GT 300, the Iso Rivolta GT 340, and the Iso Grifo were also created in the 1960s. Giorgetto Giugiaro designed a prototype cabriolet of the latter and a racing version known as the A3C. The Grifo years were also the years of the Chevrolet Testudo, driven personally by Nuccio Bertone to the Geneva Motor Show in 1963. The following year, they created the Alfa Romeo Canguro, followed in 1965 by the Alfa Romeo Giulia GT.
In 1965, Bertone launched the Fiat 850 Spider. The commercial success of this model led Nuccio Bertone to increase the company's production capacity to 120 units per day. Between 1965 and 1972, nearly 140,000 were produced, the great majority of which were sold in the United States. With the Fiat 850, the company increased its production volumes, from 13,000 units produced in 1966 to nearly 30,000 in 1968.[2]
At the end of the 1960s, they formed a partnership with Ferruccio Lamborghini. The first vehicle to come out of this was the Lamborghini Miura. The Miura was followed by the Marzal in 1967 and the Espada in 1968. In the same period, two other coupés appeared: the Alfa Romeo Montreal and the Fiat Dino Coupé, both out in 1967. At the Paris Motor Show of 1968, Bertone presented the Carabo concept car, based on an Alfa 33 chassis. By 1970, Bertone had a workforce of 1,500 staff, and the Grugliasco factory covered an area of 267,000 square metres (2,870,000 sq ft). The partnership with Lamborghini led to the development of the Lamborghini Espada. The design was inspired by the Jaguar Pirana. After his initial success with the Espada, he went on to design the Lamborghini Jarama and the Lamborghini Urraco.
In 1972, Giovanni Bertone died. In that year, as a tribute to the company's founder, the Maserati Khamsin and the Fiat X1/9 were released. Based on the Fiat 128 chassis but with a mid-rear-engine layout, the X1/9 was in production from 1972 to 1988, with 160,000 units manufactured. The company also began working for Volvo on the 264 TE. The Volvo 262C was presented at the 1977 Geneva Motor Show. From the start of the 1980s, the Fiat Ritmo Cabrio and the Fiat X1/9 were produced and sold directly under the Bertone brand. In 1982, Marcello Gandini turned out the Citroën BX. A new commercial agreement drawn up with General Motors Europe in 1986 saw the production of the Kadett Cabrio handed over to Bertone. In 1993, the Opel Astra Cabrio and the Fiat Punto Cabrio began production. Next year, Bertone presented the Zero Emission Record (ZER); Gruppo Bertone was also awarded the ISO 9001 quality certification.[2]
2000s – present
editBy 2009, a worsening financial situation caused Bertone to sell its Grugliasco plant, along with its manufacturing activities, to FIAT.[4] Bertone underwent a major restructuring process. By then, the Bertone workforce had dropped to roughly 300 people, mainly engineers and designers. The financial situation continued, prompting Bertone to sell off some of its concept cars in 2011.[4][5][6] After having ceased trading because of financial difficulties, Bertone, on 18 March 2014,[5] confirmed that it would be declared bankrupt if a suitable buyer was not found by the end of April.[4]
In May 2013, the license rights to the brand were granted by Bertone Cento to Bertone Design.[7] They also formed a partnership with Citroën, but since the 2013 acquisition of the name, a car prototype or series was never made.[8]
In June 2016, the Bertone brand was acquired for more than €2.6 million by AKKA Technologies, an engineering company. The rights to use the brand, however, were shared with Bertone Design which does not have the authorization to use it in the automotive field.[9] Starting from November 2018, AKKA Technologies sold the license to use the Bertone brand in the electric automotive sector to Flymove Holding Limited UK, which in May 2019 proceeded with the definitive purchase of the brand for all applications and sectors.[10] They relaunched Bertone through the presentation of new models of electric cars designed by Carlos Arroyo Turon (former Bertone Designer) and which use the battery swap system.
The AKKA Technologies group subsequently sold the Bertone brand to Ideactive, a company owned by Mauro and Jean-Franck Ricci.[11] In 2022, the two Ricci brothers revived the Bertone brand. The first in a series of limited edition vehicles, the GB110, was launched in December 2022.[12][13][14] In June 2024, the Bertone GB110 was publicly unveiled at Top Marques Monaco.[15]
Design and production activity
editPassenger car designs
editMotorcycle designs
edit- Lambretta Luna Range: Lui/Vega/Cometa (1968)
- Lambretta GP/DL (1969)
Vehicles produced by Bertone, but not of Bertone design
edit- BMW C1 (2000–2003)
- Fiat Punto Cabrio (1995–1999)
- Mini Cooper GP (2006)
- Volvo 262C (1977–1981)
Notable designers
edit- Giovanni Bertone (1912–1945)
- Mario Revelli di Beaumont (1933–1954)
- Giovanni Michelotti (1950–1954)
- Franco Scaglione (1952–1959)
- Giorgetto Giugiaro (1959–1965)
- Marcello Gandini (1965–1979)
- Marc Deschamps (1970s–1974; 1979–1992)
- Luciano D'Ambrosio (1992–2001)
- Giuliano Biasio (1980–1990; 1997–2006)
- David Wilkie (2007–2008)
- Jason Castriota (2008–2009)
- Michael Vernon Robinson (2009–2013)
References
edit- ^ "SPA 23 S Bertone". carrozzieri-italiani.com. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Andreas (June 10, 2020). "Bertone: the untold story of italy's most controversial coachbuilder". Carrozzieri-italiani. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
- ^ Varisco, Franco (2004). ASA: l'epopea della Ferrarina (in Italian). Vimodrone (Milano): G. Nada. ISBN 8879113348. OCLC 56973852
- ^ a b c Gibbs, Nick (March 18, 2014). "Bertone enters bankruptcy proceedings". www.telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group Limited 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- ^ a b Sutcliffe, Steve. "Bertone: end of an era - picture special". www.autocar.co.uk. Haymarket Consumer Media. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- ^ Jay, Ramey. "Italian design house Bertone nearing bankruptcy". www.autoweek.com. Crain Communications, Inc. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- ^ Stevens, Mike. "Bertone Bankrupt: Search For Saviour Ends, But Name To Live On In Milan". www.themotorreport.com.au. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
- ^ "About Us". Bertone Design. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
- ^ "La Akka Italia, azienda di Collegno vince all'asta il marchio Bertone". torino.repubblica.it. torino.repubblica.it. June 30, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
- ^ "Bertone, the English Flymove assumes full and complete management of the brand". Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- ^ "Bertone Hypercar To Use Fuel Made From Plastic Waste, Debuts December 21". Motor1.com. December 13, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
- ^ "Bertone". Coachbuild.com. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
- ^ Manuel Lehbrink (December 21, 2022). "Der Bertone GB110 ist ein neues Hypercar mit 1.100 PS". de.motor1.com. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ^ "Bertone GB110 Is A 1,085-HP Mystery Hypercar That Runs On Garbage". Carscoops. December 21, 2022.
- ^ "Bertone GB110: Debut, Features, and Specs". Motor1. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
- ^ Osborne, Donald (February 2012). "1969 BMW 'Spicup' Concept Car". Sports Car Market. 24 (2): 58–59.
- ^ "1967 ASA 1000 GT Information and History". conceptcarz.com. Retrieved April 28, 2009.