G.729

G.729a is a compatible extension of G.729, but requires less computational power. This lower complexity, however, bears the cost of marginally reduced speech quality.

G.729a was developed by a consortium of organizations: France Télécom, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT).

The features of G.729a are:

• Sampling frequency 8 kHz/16-bit (80 samples for 10 ms frames)
• Fixed bit rate (8 kbit/s 10 ms frames)
• Fixed frame size (10 bytes (80 bits) for 10 ms frame)
• Algorithmic delay is 15 ms per frame, with 5 ms look-ahead delay
• G.729a is a hybrid speech coder which uses Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction (ACELP)
• The complexity of the algorithm is rated at 15, using a relative scale where G.711 is 1 and G.723.1 is 25.
• PSQM testing under ideal conditions yields mean opinion scores of 4.04 for G.729a, compared to 4.45 for G.711 (μ-law)^{[citation needed]}
• PSQM testing under network stress yields mean opinion scores of 3.51 for G.729a, compared to 4.13 for G.711 (μ-law)

Some VoIP phones incorrectly use the description "G729a/8000" in SDP (e.g. this affects some Cisco and Linksys phones). This is incorrect as G729a is an alternative method of encoding the audio, but still generates data decodable by either G729 or G729a - i.e. there is no difference in terms of codec negotiation. Since the SDP RFC allows static payload types to be overridden by the textual rtpmap description this can cause problems calling from these phones to endpoints adhering to the RFC unless the codec is renamed in their settings since they will not recognise 'G729a' as 'G729' without a specific workaround in place for the bug.

G.729 has been extended in Annex B (G.729b) which provides a silence compression method that enables a voice activity detection (VAD) module. It is used to detect voice activity in the signal. It also includes a discontinuous transmission (DTX) module which decides on updating the background noise parameters for non speech (noisy frames). It uses 2-byte Silence Insertion Descriptor (SID) frames transmitted to initiate comfort noise generation (CNG). If transmission is stopped, and the link goes quiet because of no speech, the receiving side might assume that the link has been cut. By inserting comfort noise, analog hiss is simulated digitally during silence to assure the receiver that the link is active and operational.

G.729 Annex J, maintained by G.729.1, provides support for wideband speech and audio. Introduced in 2006,^[3] it defines variable bit-rate wideband enhancement using up to 12 hierarchical layers. The core layer is an 8 kbit/s G.729 bitstream, the second layer is a 4 kbit/s narrowband enhancement layer, and the third 2 kibt/s layer is a bandwidth enhancement layer. Further layers provide wideband enhancement in 2 kbit/s steps. The G.729.1 uses three-stage coding: embedded code-excited linear prediction (CELP) coding of the lower band, parametric coding of the higher band by Time-Domain Bandwidth Extension (TDBWE), and enhancement of the full band by a predictive transform coding algorithm called time-domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC), also known as modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) coding.^[3] Bit rate and the obtained quality are adjustable by simple bitstream truncation.

As of January 1, 2017, the patent terms of most licensed patents under the G.729 Consortium have expired, the remaining unexpired patents are usable on a royalty-free basis.^[5] G.729 includes patents from several companies which were until the expiry licensed by Sipro Lab Telecom, the authorized Intellectual Property Licensing Administrator for G.729 technology and patent pool.^[6][7][8][9]

AIM IP LLC, a California Limited Liability Company based in Mission Viejo, CA^[10] filed 17 patent infringement lawsuits^[11] in the Central District Courts of California accusing 22 different companies, including, Cisco Systems, Polycom and others of infringing U.S. Patent No. 5,920,853.^[12][13] The '853 patent was filed at the United States Patent and Trademark Office in 1996 by Rockwell International. The inventors listed on the '853 patent are Benyassine Adil, Su Huan-Yu and Shlomot Eyal.^[14]

In 2000, the '853 patent was assigned by Rockwell International to Conexant Systems,^[15] an American-based software developer and fabless semiconductor company, which began as a division of Rockwell before being spun-off as its own public company.^[16] In 2010, the '853 patent was sold by Conexant Systems to AIM IP LLC, a California Limited Liability Company based in Mission Viejo.^[15]

The '853 patent contains patent claims which cover lookup tables used in G.729. The patent has since expired and is no longer in force due to its patent term expiring.^[17]

G.729 is assigned the static payload type 18 for RTP by IANA.^[18] The rtpmap parameter description for this payload type is "G729/8000".

Both G.729a and G.729b use the same rtpmap description as G.729. G.729a and G.729b are indicated using annexb=no or annexb=yes, respectively. G.729 Annex B (G.729b) is the default in absence of parameter annexb in the Session Description Protocol.^[19]

• List of codecs
• Comparison of audio coding formats
• RTP audio video profile

• ITU-T Recommendation G.729 - technical specification.
• G.729 Error Recovery for Internet Telephony
• ITU Patent database
• Sipro Lab Telecom (administers the patent pools for G.723.1 and G.729)
• Voiceage's G.729 implementation