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Antoine Hamilton

Anthony Hamilton PC (Ire) (c. 1645 – 1719), also known as Antoine[a] and comte d'Hamilton, was a soldier and a writer. As a Catholic of Irish and Scottish ancestry, his parents brought him to France in 1651 when Cromwell's army overran Ireland.

Anthony Hamilton
Anthony Hamilton from NPG.jpg
Detail from the portrait below
Born1644 or 1645
Ireland, probably Nenagh
Died21 April 1719
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
FatherGeorge Hamilton, 1st Baronet
MotherMary Butler

At the Restoration the family moved to England and lived at Whitehall. When Catholics were excluded from the army, Anthony followed his brother George into French service and fought in the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678). He was wounded in the Battle of Entzheim. After the accession of the Catholic James II in 1685, he joined the Irish Army and fought for the Jacobites in the Williamite War (1689–1691). He saw action in the battles of Newtownbutler and the Boyne. The defeat led him to his last French exile.

In France Hamilton lived at the exile court at Saint-Germain-en-Laye where he became a courtier, poet, and writer. He chose French as his language and adopted a light and elegant style, seeking to amuse and entertain his reader. He wrote the Mémoires du Comte de Grammont, which focuses on the time his brother-in-law Philibert de Gramont spent at the court of Charles II. These memoirs are a classic of French literature and a source for the history of the Stuart Restoration. Hamilton also wrote many letters, poems, and five tales.

Family tree
Anthony Hamilton with parents and other selected relatives.[b] He never married.[4] His father is sometimes confused with his granduncle, George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea.[5]
Claud
1st Ld
Paisley
1546–1621		Margaret
Seton
d. 1616		Walter
11th Earl
Ormond
1559 – 1633
'Beads'
James
1st Earl
1575–1618		Marion
Boyd
d. 1632
Recusant		George
of Greenlaw
& Roscrea
d. bef. 1657		Thomas
Viscount
Thurles
d. 1619
James
2nd Earl
d. 1670		George
1st Baronet
Donalong
c. 1608 – 1679		Mary
Butler
d. 1680		James
1st Duke
1610–1688
James
c. 1630 – 1673
Courtier
d.v.p.*		Philibert de
Gramont
1621–1707		Elizabeth
1641–1708
Beauty		Anthony
c. 1645 – 1719
James
6th Earl
c. 1661 – 1734
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article		XXXEarls of
Abercorn		XXXEarls and Dukes
of Ormond
*d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris)

Birth and origins

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Anthony was born in 1644 or 1645[c] in Ireland, probably at Nenagh (/ˈniːnæ/)[17], County Tipperary.[d] He was the third son of Sir George Hamilton and his wife Mary Butler.[27]

His father was Scottish, the fourth son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn.[28] He supported the lord lieutenant of Ireland, James Butler, Marquess of Ormond,[29][30] during the Irish Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest[31] and called himself a baronet.[32][33][e]

Anthony's mother was half Irish and half English, the third daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and his English Catholic wife Elizabeth Poyntz.[34] Thurles (courtesy title) predeceased his father, Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormond, and never succeeded to the earldom.[35] The Butlers were Old English.[36] She was a sister of James Butler,[34] making Anthony's father a brother-in-law of the lord lieutenant.[29][31]

Anthony's father has been confused with his granduncle George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea.[f] Both are called George and both married a Mary Butler.[5] In 1640 Ormond had granted Anthony's father Nenagh for 31 years.[37] Anthony was probably born there.[18][g] Hamilton's parents had married in 1635.[39][h]

Anthony was one of nine siblings.[27][42] They are listed in his father's article, but also see James, George, Elizabeth, Richard, and John individually. Anthony's parents were both Catholic,[i] and so was he.[43][44]

Irish childhood

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Hamilton was born during the Irish Confederate War. His father, despite being Catholic,[45] sided with the lord lieutenant against the Confederates.[46][47] The war had been halted by a truce in 1643.[48] An attempted peace failed in March 1646.[49][50] After a last extension the truce expired on 1 May.[51] The newborn Anthony, his mother, and his siblings were brought to Dublin in May for their security.[52]

In 1647 Ormond abandoned Dublin to the parliamentarians and left for England.[53] Anthony, his mother, and siblings seem to have stayed behind in Ireland.[54] Ormond together with Anthony's father returned to Ireland in 1648.[55] In 1649, during the Cromwellian conquest, Ormond made Anthony's father receiver-general of the revenues[56] as well as governor of Nenagh Castle,[57] which he in vain tried to defend against Henry Ireton in November 1650.[58]

First exile

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Having lost the leadership to the Catholic clergy,[59] Ormond left for France in December 1650.[60] Hamilton's father followed with his family in spring 1651.[61][62][54] Anthony was about seven. They were accommodated by Anthony's aunt Elizabeth Preston, the Marchioness of Ormond, near Caen, Normandy.[63][64] His father and his elder brothers, James and George, served Charles II in various functions.[65][66] Lady Ormond left for England in August 1652,[67] whereas Anthony's mother moved to Paris, where she lodged in the Convent of the Feuillantines [fr].[68] The Hamilton brothers frequented Charles II's and his mother's, Henrietta Maria, exile court at the Louvre.[69]

Restoration

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In May 1660 the Restoration brought Charles II on the English throne.[70] Hamilton's father and his elder brothers moved to Whitehall, where the court was.[71] Charles II restored Donalong, Ulster, to Hamilton's father.[72] About that year Charles allegedly created Hamilton's father baronet of Donalong and Nenagh.[e]

Hamilton's elder brothers, James and George, became courtiers at Whitehall.[73] The King arranged a Protestant marriage for James.[74][75][76] Early in 1661 Hamilton's father also brought his wife and younger children to London,[77] where they lived all together in a house near Whitehall.[78]

In January 1663, at the court, the Hamilton brothers met Philibert, chevalier de Gramont,[69] who had been exiled by Louis XIV[79] for courting a maid of honour, on whom he had set his eyes.[80][81][82]

Gramont integrated easily as French was spoken at the court.[83][j] Hamilton befriended Gramont,[85] who soon became part of the inner circle.[86] Gramont courted Hamilton's sister Elizabeth.[87][88]

An anecdote tells how George and Anthony intercepted Gramont at Dover, asking him whether he had not forgotten something in London.[89] He replied "Pardonnez-moi, messieurs, j'ai oublié d'épouser votre sœur." (Forgive me, Sirs, I have forgotten to marry your sister).[90][91] This episode might have happened in autumn 1663 when Gramont's sister Susanne-Charlotte[92] told him in error that he could return to France.[93][94] He went but found that he was not welcome.[95] However, perhaps Gramont attempted to leave Elizabeth later, in December just before he announced his intention to marry her.[96]

Gramont married Elizabeth in London, either in December 1663 or early in 1664.[97][98][99] In March 1664, Louis XIV, having heard of Gramont's marriage, allowed him to return.[100]

Second exile

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In 1667 the King dismissed from his Life Guards the Catholics who refused to take the Oath of Supremacy.[101] Among them was Anthony's brother George, who in 1668 went to France.[102] Anthony probably accompanied him.[103] In 1671 George recruited a regiment in Ireland for French service.[104] Hamilton seems to have accompanied him and in May helped his cousin John Butler to extinguish a fire in Dublin Castle.[105][106] Hamilton then took service in his brother's regiment, fighting in the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678).[107] George and Anthony were later joined by their younger brother Richard.[108] In 1672 the regiment garrisoned Liège[109] and then occupied Utrecht in June.[110] In 1673 Hamilton, by now a Captain, was in Limerick recruiting for the regiment.[111]

A painted bust-length portrait of Anthony Hamilton showing a young man wearing a long and high wig, clad in armour covering his breast and arms 
During his second French exile [k]

Anthony probably fought together with George under Turenne against Imperial troops in the Battle of Sinsheim in June 1674, and did surely so at Entzheim in October,[114] where both were wounded.[115] In the winter 1674–5 Anthony, George, and Richard travelled to England from where George returned to France while Anthony and Richard continued to Ireland to recruit.[116] French ships picked up the recruits at Kinsale in April 1675,[117] after a missed appointment at Dingle in March.[118] Hamilton's Irish voyage caused him to miss Turenne's winter campaign in which Turenne marched south and surprised the Germans in upper Alsace, beating them at Turckheim.[119]

In July 1675 Hamilton's regiment was at Sasbach, where George witnessed Turenne's death.[120] At the retreat from Sasbach in August, the regiment suffered 450 casualties in the rearguard actions of the Battle of Altenheim.[121] Louis XIV called in Condé, who stopped the German advance[122][123] but retired at the end of the campaign.[124] In the winter 1675–6 George, accompanied by either Anthony or Richard, again went recruiting[125] and visited Lady Arran, wife of Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran, in January 1676. She called them "ye monsieurs".[126] The regiment quartered that winter in Toul.[125]

Luxembourg commanded on the Rhine in the campaign of 1676.[127] In June George was killed in a rearguard action at the Zaberner Steige (Col de Saverne), where Imperial troops under the Duke of Lorraine pursued the French who were retreating eastward to Zabern (Saverne) in lower Alsace.[128][129] Reputedly, Hamilton succeeded his brother as comte d'Hamilton,[130] but that title may never have existed.[131][132][l] Thomas Dongan, who had been lieutenant-colonel, was preferred over Hamilton as the new colonel of what had been Hamilton's regiment.[140] Louis XIV told Anthony that he had no regiment for him.[141] Anthony left[136][142] while Richard became lieutenant-colonel.[143]

The Franco-Dutch war ended with the Treaties of Nijmegen, concluded between August 1678 and October 1679.[144] The regiment was disbanded in December,[145] anticipating the signature in February 1679 of the peace between France and the Emperor.[144]

Ireland

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Hamilton had returned to Ireland by 1677.[146] His father died in 1679.[34] His nephew James, the future 6th Earl of Abercorn, then aged 17 or 18, inherited the family's lands.[147]

An engraved portrait in an octagonal frame of Hamilton as a young man with long curly hair or such a wig, wearing a breast-plate 
Engraved by E. Scriven[m]

Hamilton may have visited France and have been the "comte d'Hamilton" who in January 1681 played a zephyr in the performance of Quinault's ballet Triomphe de l'Amour, to music by Lully, at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye before Louis XIV.[133][149][150][151] However, possibly, this was Richard.[152][153] In summer 1681 Anthony lived in Dublin.[154]

In February 1685 the Catholic James II acceded to the English throne.[155] In April James sent Richard Talbot to Ireland to purge the Irish Army of "Cromwellians".[156] Talbot replaced Protestants with Catholics,[157] recruiting among others Anthony and his younger brothers Richard and John.[158][159] Anthony was appointed lieutenant-colonel of Sir Thomas Newcomen's infantry regiment.[160] In June James created Talbot earl of Tyrconnell.[161] In August Hamilton was also made governor of Limerick, where his company of Newcomen's regiment was garrisoned, replacing Sir William King, a Protestant.[162][163] Hamilton attended Mass in public.[164][165] In October 1685 the king appointed Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, a Protestant,[166] lord lieutenant of Ireland.[167] Clarendon arrived in January 1686.[168] He considered Hamilton a moderate Catholic and possible ally.[169][170] Clarendon praised Hamilton, saying that he understood the regiment better than its colonel.[171] Clarendon also stated that Hamilton objected to replacing good Protestant officers with mediocre Catholic ones.[172] Near the end of 1686, Hamilton became a member of the Irish privy council.[173][174] In 1687 he was promoted colonel.[175] In 1688 Hamilton was colonel of a regiment of foot.[176]

At the eve of the Glorious Revolution in September 1688, James asked Tyrconnell to send four Irish regiments to England.[177] Hamilton's was among them.[178][179] The troops landed on the English west coast in October and marched across the midlands to southern England.[180] Hamilton's regiment was stationed in Portsmouth, where the Duke of Berwick was governor.[181] The regiment surrendered in Portsmouth on 20 December.[182][n] On the 23 James II embarked for France.[184] It seems that Hamilton followed him. Anthony and John[185] returned with James II to Ireland[186] in 1689.[187] Richard was already there.[188]

In 1689 during the Williamite War, Tyrconnell promoted Hamilton major-general[189] and gave him the command of the dragoons of an army under Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel, that he sent north to Belturbet,[190] County Cavan, to fight the rebels of Enniskillen. In the battle of Newtownbutler, in July, Hamilton commanded the horse. The outcome would show that he was "better with his pen than with his sword".[191] Mountcashel asked him to pursue retreating enemy troops,[192] but the enemy led him into a trap and Hamilton's dragoons were routed.[193] Hamilton was wounded in the leg at the beginning of the action[194] and fled the scene.[195] With Captain Peter Lavallin of Carroll's dragoons[196] he was court martialled by Rosen, the highest-ranking French general.[197] Given his family's influence, Hamilton was acquitted, but Lavallin was shot.[198] This affair destroyed Hamilton's reputation as a soldier. When in spring 1690 the Irish Brigade was formed,[199] the French wanted neither Richard nor Anthony among its officers.[200]

Anthony, as well as his brothers Richard and John, fought at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690.[201][202] Anthony rode in the cavalry charges.[203] Afterwards he fought at the first Siege of Limerick.[204] When William abandoned his siege end of August,[205] Tyrconnell sent Hamilton to France to report the deliverance.[206] He may not have returned.[207] His presence at the Battle of Aughrim in 1691 is disputed,[208][209] but his brother John was fatally wounded there.[210][211]

Final exile, death, and timeline

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Hamilton lived the last thirty years of his life at the exile court at the Château-Vieux of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[212][213][o] He held no office,[215] but James II granted him a generous pension.[216][p] Hamilton was also given an apartment in the castle.[221] He was appreciated as an ornament of that court.[222]

The Château-Vieux de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, north side, as it was in Hamilton's time.[q]

At Saint-Germain Hamilton got acquainted with the Bulkeley sisters, especially Anne and Henrietta.[225] Their father, Henry, master of the household to Charles II at Whitehall and to James at Saint-Germain, died in 1698.[226] Their mother, Sophia, was a sister of the Belle Stuart.[227] Berwick married Anne in 1700 at Saint-Germain, as his second wife.[228][229] Hamilton affectionately called her "Nanette".[230] He was in love with Henrietta or at least wrote her admirative letters.[231] She was about 30 years younger than him and had no dowry.[r] Hamilton thought his pension insufficient to support a family.[232]

About 1696 Hamilton wrote his tale Zénéyde,[233][s] in which he denounces the bigotry of James's last years.[237] Early in 1701 Hamilton accompanied Berwick to Rome to ask the new pope, Clement XI, for help.[238] In March James suffered a stroke.[239] Berwick was called for and arrived back in Saint-Germain in April.[240] In September James II died at the Château-Vieux of Saint-Germain.[241][242] Hamilton wrote a poem Sur l'agonie du feu roi d'Angleterre [On the Agony of the Late King of England].[243] His successor, James III, was 13. The court became gayer and Hamilton like it better.[244]

In 1703 Louis XIV gave Hamilton's sister Elizabeth a house at Versailles, where Hamilton often visited.[245][246] In 1704 Hamilton went to see Gramont at Séméac in Gascogne, where he decided to write his friend's memoirs.[247] Hamilton was part of the circle around the Duchess of Maine,[248] where he was known as "Horace d'Albion".[249] It was partly at her seat at Sceaux that he wrote the Mémoires.[250] In 1705 he attended the feast that Nicolas de Malézieu and the duchess gave at Châtenay.[251]

In 1707 Gramont died in Paris.[252][253][254][t] Hamilton was said to have sailed to Scotland in the attempted invasion of 1708,[255][256] but only Richard went.[257] In June Hamilton's sister Elizabeth died in Paris.[258][259]

In 1712 James III left Saint-Germain[260] as France was about to drop the Jacobites, a concession they made in 1713 at the Peace of Utrecht.[261] Richard followed James III to Bar-le-Duc in Lorraine,[262] whereas Anthony stayed behind at Saint-Germain and was allowed to keep his apartment.[221] The dowager queen, Mary of Modena, also stayed.[263] Hamilton met the young Voltaire at the suppers of the Temple Society [fr] shortly before 1715.[264][u] Hamilton never married[4] and died at Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 20 April 1719.[v] He was buried on the 21 in the parish church. A distant cousin, John Nugent, equerry to James III, attended the funeral.[138]

Timeline
As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages. Italics for historical background.
Age Date Event
0 1644 or 1645 Born,[c] probably at Nenagh in Ireland[d]
1 May 1646 Moved to Dublin with his mother.[52]
1 17 Sep 1646 Owen Roe O'Neill took Roscrea.[270]
2 28 Jul 1647 Ormond abandoned Dublin to the Parliamentarians.[53]
3 13 Nov 1647 Battle of Knocknanuss, the Confederates were beaten by Inchiquin.[271]
3 29 Sep 1648 Ormond returned to Ireland landing at Cork.[55]
4 30 Jan 1649 Charles I beheaded[272]
4 2 Aug 1649 Battle of Rathmines. Michael Jones defeated Ormond before Dublin.[273]
5–6 Oct 1650 Father defended Nenagh Castle against the Parliamentarians.[58]
6 7 Dec 1650 James Butler, Marquess of Ormond, left Ireland.[60]
6–7 Early in 1651 Taken to France by his parents[54]
15 29 May 1660 Restoration of Charles II[70]
15–16 1660 or 1661 Brought to England by his parents after the Restoration[274]
18 15 Jan 1663 The chevalier de Gramont arrived in London.[69]
19 1663/1664 Sister Elizabeth married Gramont.[97][98]
26–27 1671 Brother George raised an Irish regiment for French service.[104]
28 Jun 1673 Brother James fatally wounded in a sea-fight against the Dutch[275]
29–30 6 Oct 1674 Wounded at the Battle of Entzheim[115]
30–31 1675 Travelled to Ireland to recruit[116]
31–32 1676 Brother George killed at the Col de Saverne[129]
33–34 1678 Supposedly succeeded his brother George as "comte d'Hamilton"[130]
34–35 26 Jan 1679 Treaties of Nijmegen ended the Franco-Dutch War between France and the Empire.[144]
34–35 1679 Father died.[34]
35 Aug 1680 Mother died.[34]
40 6 Feb 1685 Accession of James II, succeeding Charles II[155]
40 24 Feb 1685 Boyle & Granard appointed lords justices replacing Ormond, lord lieutenant[276]
40–41 1685 Took service in the Irish Army as lieutenant-colonel[160]
40 1 Aug 1685 Made governor of Limerick[165]
40–41 1 Oct 1685 Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, appointed lord lieutenant of Ireland[167]
42 8 Jan 1687 Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, appointed lord deputy of Ireland[277]
43–44 1688 His regiment sent to England to protect James II[178]
44 13 Feb 1689 Accession of William and Mary, succeeding James II[278]
44 12 Mar 1689 James II landed at Kinsale, Ireland.[187]
44 31 Jul 1689 Defeated at the Battle of Newtownbutler[194]
45 1 Jul 1690 Fought at the Battle of the Boyne[203]
45–46 Autumn 1690 Went to France to report the raise of the Siege of Limerick[206]
56 16 Sep 1701 James II died at Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[241]
57 8 Mar 1702 Accession of Anne, succeeding William III[279]
59–60 1704 Started writing the Mémoires du comte de Grammont[247]
62 30 Jan 1707 Friend Gramont died in Paris.[252][253][254]
63 Mar 1708 Said to have taken part in the attempted invasion, but only Richard went[257]
63 3 Jun 1708 Sister Elizabeth died in Paris.[258][259]
68 11 Apr 1713 Peace of Utrecht ended the War of the Spanish Succession[261]
68–69 1713 Gramont's Memoirs published anonymously[280]
69 1 Aug 1714 Accession of George I, succeeding Anne[281]
70 1 Sep 1715 Death of Louis XIV; Regency until the majority of Louis XV[282]
71 22 Dec 1715 James III landed in Scotland during the Jacobite rising of 1715.[283]
72–73 Dec 1717 Brother Richard died at Poussay, Lorraine.[284]
74 20 Apr 1719 Died at Saint-Germain-en-Laye[6]

Works

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Hamilton came from an English-speaking family[w] but chose to write in French. Despite his origins he excelled in that light and elegant badinage considered typically French.[285][286]

Hamilton's works were well known in the 18th century. Voltaire and La Harpe mention him honourably.[26][287][288] Today, he is mainly known for a single book: the Mémoires de la vie du comte de Grammont,[289] the only work published while he was alive. Hamilton also wrote at least five tales and many poems, songs, epistles, and letters (ordered by year of publication):

Gramont's memoirs

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The Mémoires de la vie du comte de Grammont were originally planned to cover Gramont's entire life but were cut short so that they end with his marriage. Hamilton pretended the memoirs were dictated to him by Gramont.[291] He started work in 1704 and completed them in 1710.[247][292] For Gramont's life up to his arrival in London,[69] Gramont was Hamilton's only source. He may have jotted this part down more or less how Gramont told it.[293][294] The second, "English", part seems to be Hamilton's work.[295] The subtitle of the first edition "L'histore amoureuse de la cour d'Angleterre" (lovelife of the English court) pertains to this part, for which Hamilton had Gramont, who died in 1707, and Elizabeth, who died in 1708, as witnesses.[296] Hamilton's brothers James and George, important characters of the second part, had died in 1673 and 1676 respectively.[128][297]

 
Title page of the 1713 edition[280]

The book was a bestseller[298][299] and remains a classic of French literature.[300][301] It is still admired for its graceful and elegant language.[302] The memoirs were written to amuse and entertain and sometimes depart from the correct chronological order.[303] The book situates itself at the cross-roads between memoirs, biography, and fiction.[304]

The memoirs were first circulated in manuscript[305] and then published anonymously in 1713, without the author's consent.[306][307] The imprint says: Cologne by Pierre Marteau, a pseudonym often used for disreputable books.[308] It might have been published in Holland,[309] or at Rouen.[306] In 1817 the Catholic Church inscribed the book on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.[310] Early French editions often deformed the English names. Horace Walpole, a great admirer,[311] corrected them in his Strawberry Hill edition of 1772.[312]

The first English translation, by Abel Boyer, had followed in hot pursuit in 1714.[313] Boyer, fearing an uproar, hid the persons' identities behind their initials.[314] Many new or amended translations were published in due course. W. Maddison published one in 1793.[315][316][317] Walter Scott amended an English translation in 1809 and again in 1811.[318] Henry Vizetelly published another revised translation in 1889.[319] Peter Quennell retranslated the memoirs in 1930 (read online).[320]

Tales

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Hamilton's tales (contes) were inspired by the fairy tales that became popular in France in the 1690s[321][x] and by the Arabian Nights, published between 1704 and 1708 by Antoine Galland.[325] Hamilton's tales are their parodies or fan fiction.[326] The characters' adventures are often extravagant.[327] Hamilton likes to use multiple narrators, who may tell the same events from different points of view.[328]

His tales influenced Voltaire and Crébillon the younger in the 18th century.[329] The tale Fleur d'Epine has been praised by La Harpe for its charming truths and its moral.[330] Montégut called it "the most beautiful fairy tale written in France".[331] George Saintsbury maintains that Hamilton's tales have more literary merit than his fanous memoirs.[332]

Zénéyde (read online), written about 1696,[s] starts as a letter to "Madame de P.", in which Hamilton criticises James II's exile court and then escapes into fiction by meeting a nymph at the Seine.[333] The nymph, called Zénéyde, tells her life. Her father was the Roman emperor Maximus and her mother a daughter of the Frankish king Clodio. She was to marry Childeric but was caught by Genserich at Aquileia. At that point the nymph is overcome by emotion and a beautiful brunette takes over as story teller. The text stops here as Hamilton left Zénéyde incomplete.[334][335][y]

Le Bélier (read online), written in 1705,[336] gives an etymology for "Pontalie",[337] the name his sister Elizabeth invented for Les Moulineaux, her house at Versailles.[338][339] The story starts in verse and then continues in prose. A giant called Moulineaux has an ingenious ram. His neighbour, a druide, has a beautiful daughter called Alie. The giant wants to marry Alie, but she is in love with the prince of Noisy. Her father protects her by surrounding his castle with water. The ram builds a bridge across it. This is Alie's bridge, or Pont-Alie. After many detours full of comical and absurd inventions the ram, who is really the prince of Noisy, marries Alie.[340] Voltaire praised the introduction in verse,[341] and mentioned in 1729 that Josse was printing the Bélier.[342] It was the first of Hamilton's tales to be published and must have been a success as Josse went on to publish two more of them and the first collection of his works, Œuvres mêlées en prose et en vers.

Fleur d'Épine (read online) shares the frame of Arabian Nights and starts with a dialogue between Scheherazade and her sister Dinarzade. Dinarzade tells the sultan a story with the condition that he must spare Scheherazade's life should he interrupt that story. The sultan agrees and Fleur d'epine is this story.[343]

 
Fleur d'Epine listens to Tarare.[344]

The story starts with the eyes of Luisante, the daughter of the caliph of Kashmir, that kill men and blind women. A prince calling himself "Tarare" contacts the sorceress Serena, who agrees to help but demands that he must free Fleur d'Epine, held by the witch Dentue. Tarare travels to Dentue's house. He meets Fleur d'Epine posing as a shepherd. He frees her from Dentue and they return to Kashmir. On the way he tells her how he and his brother Phenix went to seek adventures. Serena gives Tarare the remedy that cures Luisante's eyes. The caliph wants him to marry Luisante and fill his palace with baby Tarares. At the mention of "baby Tarares" the sultan interrupts Dinarzade and Scheherazade's life is safe. Dinarzade continues her story: Tarare marries Fleur d'Epine, whereas Phenix marries Luisante. Phenix then tells his adventures which overlap with those of his brother.

Les quatre Facardins (read online) tells the adventures of three men, all called Facardin: Facardin of Trebizond, the handsome Facardin, and the tall Facardin. Hamilton left the story incomplete and never mentions the fourth Facardin.[345][335] Saintsbury considers it the best of Hamilton's tales.[346] Facardin of Trebizond tells the story. He meets the handsome Facardin who tells his adventures on the Lions' Island and on Mount Atlas. He seeks adventures to become worthy of Mousseline. Facardin of Trebizond then meets Cristalline who is the lady of the rings from Arabian nights. She tells her life in which she was married to a genie but loved the tall Facardin. Facardin of Trebizond delivers Cristalline from the genie and they meet the tall Facardin. The story breaks off at that point.[z]

L'Enchanteur Faustus (read online) tells how Faust conjures up Helen of Troy, Cleopatra, Fair Rosamond, and other beauties to appear before Queen Elizabeth of England.[347] Contrary to Hamilton's other tales, this one is linear and easy to follow.[348] Hamilton dedicated it to his niece Margaret, his brother John's daughter.[349]

Hamilton's tales were circulated privately as manuscripts during his lifetime.[305] The first three were published individually in Paris in 1730, ten years after the author's death. A collection of his works, Œuvres mêlées en prose et en vers, published in 1731, contains the unfinished Zénéyde.[350] L'Enchanteur Faustus was published belatedly in 1776[290] but might have been written much earlier, probably even before the memoirs.[351]

Other works

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Hamilton also wrote songs and exchanged amusing verses with the Duke of Berwick.[352] He helped his niece Claude Charlotte, Gramont's daughter, who had married Henry Stafford-Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford, in 1694,[353] to carry on a witty correspondence with Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.[354][355]

Notes and references

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Notes

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  1. ^ Ó Ciardha (2009) gives Antoine in parentheses after Anthony.[18] French sources usually call him "Antoine Hamilton".[14][356][357][358]
  2. ^ This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne[1] and from written genealogies of the Abercorns.[2][3]
  3. ^ a b Anthony Hamilton died on the 20 April 1719 aged 74.[6] He was therefore born between 21 April 1644 and 20 April 1645.[7] Older authors in error give his year of death as 1720,[8][9][10][11][12][13] leading to a later date of birth (i.e. 1645 or 1646).[14][15] Walter Scott (1846) proposes an earlier date but stays vague.[16]
  4. ^ a b Ó Ciardha (2009), Manning (2001), and Gleeson (1947) say Hamilton might have been born at Nenagh.[18][19][20] However, most older authors give Roscrea, confusing his father with his granduncle.[21][22][23][7][24] Sayous (1853) gives Drogheda but places it in Tipperary instead of Louth.[25] The Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) also mentions Drogheda, but as an alternative to Roscrea.[22] Voltaire in error believed Hamilton was born in Caen.[26]
  5. ^ a b Anthony's father's article has more detail about these attempts to become a baronet.
  6. ^ Anthony's father's article discusses his mistaken identity.
  7. ^ Older sources usually give Roscrea as his place of birth,[21][22][23][7][38][24] but it was his granduncle who lived there.[5]
  8. ^ Older sources give earlier dates for his parents' marriage,[34][40][41] due to the mistaken identity.
  9. ^ Anthony's father's article has some detail about Anthony's Protestant grandfather, the 1st Earl of Abercorn.
  10. ^ Auger referred to St James in error as it would become the principal royal residence only in 1698.[84]
  11. ^ Portrait in the National Portrait Gallery, painted soon after 1668[112] or about 1700 and attributed to François de Troy.[113]
  12. ^ The section "Comte d'Hamilton" in his brother George's article also discusses the title comte d'Hamilton title. Anthony is often called "Count" in French[133][26][134] as well as English sources,[135][6][136][130][137] but sometimes the title is omitted where one might expect it. Such is the case of his death certificate[138] and Berwick's letter of 1713 where Anthony is called "M. [Monsieur] Antony Hamilton".[139]
  13. ^ Frontispiece of the 1811 London edition of the Mémoires. The caption reads "Le comte Antoine Hamilton". The image is signed under the frame E. Scriven S. [sculpsit]."[148]
  14. ^ Ó Ciardha (2009) remarks that it is not sure that Hamilton went with the regiment to England.[183]
  15. ^ In Hamilton's time there were two royal castles at Saint-Germain-en-Laye: The old (Château-Vieux) and the new (Château-Neuf).[214]
  16. ^ This pension initially was 2,000 livres per year; in 1703 it was diminished to 1,320 but increased to 2,200 in 1717.[217] The 2000 livres were about £150 as the pound sterling was worth about 13 French livres (one Écu (60 sols or 3 livres) was worth 54 pence).[218][219] Per month this gave him about £12.5, equivalent to about £2,000 in 2023.[220]
  17. ^ Vue du Vieux Château de St. Germain en Laye, engraving by Jacques Rigaud [fr] (cropped), 1725.[223] The castle had stayed unchanged since the additions made for Louis XIV by Jules Hardouin-Mansart in the 1680s.[224]
  18. ^ Hamilton was born in 1644 or 1645, while she was born after 1675 as this is when her older sister was born.[229]
  19. ^ a b Zénéyde mentions the "late Archbishop of Paris",[234] François de Harlay, who had died in August 1695.[235] Zénéyde was therefore written shortly after that date.[236]
  20. ^ La Chenaye (1774) and Dangeau (1857a) give Gramont's death in N.S., Chisholm (1910), in O.S.
  21. ^ The Temple was the seat of Philippe, Duke of Vendôme, grand prior of France [fr] of the Knights of Malta,[265] but the Grand Prior could not have been there at the time because he was arrested in Switzerland in October 1710 and could not return to France until 1711.[266] Back in France, Louis XIV banished him to Lyon and he could return to Paris only after the king's death in September 1715.[267] The grand Prior's friend Chaulieu lived at the Temple and probably presided over the suppers that Hamilton attended.[268]
  22. ^ His death certificate states that he was buried on 21 April 1719 and had died the day before.[138] Dulon (1897) seems to be the first to give the right year.[269] Many give 1720 in error.[9][10][11][12][13] The earlied occurrence of his wrong death date seems to be La Chesnaye in 1774[8]
  23. ^ His father was entirely Scottish, his mother half Irish and half English
  24. ^ Charles Perrault published his fairy tales in 1697,[322][323] but Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier published hers in 1695.[324]
  25. ^ The suite of Zénéyde, imagined by the Duc de Lévis, tells us how she meets Tigrane, prince of Armenia, travels to France to marry Childeric, is bewitched by Alboflède on an island in the Seine; how Alboflède kills Tigrane and almost Zénéide too, and how she is saved by the intervention of the river god and becomes a nymph of the Seine. Hamilton awakes all wet on the bank of the Seine (read online).
  26. ^ The suite of the Quatre Facardins, imagined by the Duc de Lévis, continues the story told by Facardin of Trebizond. Mousseline appears and Cristalline's genie is eaten by a crocodile. Facardin of Trebizond reads his mother's memoirs, in which she explains that the four Facardins are brothers but by different fathers and that the fourth Facardin appeared in form of a monkey. (read online).

Citations

edit
  1. ^ G. E. C. 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
  2. ^ G. E. C. 1910, pp. 2–11
  3. ^ Paul 1904, pp. 37–74
  4. ^ a b Corp 2004a, p. 768, left column, line 39. "Anthony Hamilton died unmarried at the age of seventy-four at St Germain on 21 April 1719 (not 1720 as stated in many biographies) ..."
  5. ^ a b c Manning 2001, p. 149, line 6. "... there were two George Hamiltons, one being the nephew of the other. The older couple lived at Roscrea Castle and the younger couple, the parents of Anthony Hamilton, were at Nenagh."
  6. ^ a b c Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 60. "3. Anthony, the celebrated Count Hamilton, author of the "Mémoires de Grammont", Lieut-Gen in the French service, died 20 April 1719, aged 74."
  7. ^ a b c Corp 2004a, p. 766, left column, line 45. "He was probably born at Roscrea, co. Tipperary, in 1644 or 1645."
  8. ^ a b La Chenaye-Desbois 1774, p. 631. "... mourut à Saint-Germain-en-Laye, le 21 Avril 1720, agé d'environ 74 ans."
  9. ^ a b Auger 1805, p. 7, line 12. "Hamilton mourut a St.-Germain-en-Laye, le 6 août 1720, âgé d'environ soixante-quatorze ans."
  10. ^ a b Scott 1846, p. 15. "Hamilton died at St. Germain, in April, 1720, aged about 74."
  11. ^ a b Webb 1878, p. 241, left column. "He died at St. Germain's, in 1720, aged 74."
  12. ^ a b Rigg 1890, p. 136, left column, line 27. "He [Anthony Hamilton] died at St. Germain-en-Laye on 21 April 1720."
  13. ^ a b Chisholm 1910b, p.  884, first paragraph, last sentence. "He died at St. Germain-en-Laye on the 21st of April 1720."
  14. ^ a b Auger 1805, p. 2, line 1. "Antoine Hamilton d'une ancienne et illustre maison d'Écosse, naquit en Irlande, vers l'année 1646."
  15. ^ Chisholm 1910b, p.  884, first paragraph, top. "Hamilton, Anthony, or Antoine (1646–1720), French classical author, was born about 1646."
  16. ^ Scott 1846, p. 4, line 4. "He [Anthony Hamilton] was, as well as his brothers and sisters, born in Ireland it is generally said, about the year 1646; but there is some reason to imagine that it was three or four years earlier."
  17. ^ Merriam-Webster 1997, p. 799, right column. Transliterated from the book's own SAMPA, "\'nē-nä\"
  18. ^ a b c O Ciardha 2009a, 1st paragraph, 1st sentence. "Hamilton Anthony (Antoine) (1646?–1720) ... was probably born in Nenagh"
  19. ^ Manning 2001, p. 149, line 4. "Gleeson adds that Anthony's father was also governor of Nenagh Castle for his brother-in-law and that Anthony might have been born there."
  20. ^ Gleeson 1947, p. 102. Cited in Manning (2001) p. 149
  21. ^ a b Brunet 1883, p. xiii, line 32. "Il parait aussi qu'il vit le jour à Roscrea, dans le comté de Tipperary, séjour ordinaire de son père, ..."
  22. ^ a b c Chisholm 1910b, p.  884, first paragraph, upper middle. "According to some authorities he was born at Drogheda, but according to the London edition of his works in 1811, his birthplace was Roscrea, Tipperary."
  23. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 4, line 24. "... Anthony Hamilton's biographers have assigned to Roscrea the honour of being his birth-place, as Anthony was supposed to have been born in 1646. He was, however, at this time at least a year old, but it is quite possible, of course, that he was born at Roscrea."
  24. ^ a b Scott 1846, p. 4, line 7. "The place of his birth, according to the best family accounts, was Roscrea, in the county of Tipperary, the usual residence of his father ..."
  25. ^ Sayous 1853, p. 330. "... selon quelques-uns à Drogbeda dans le comté de Tipperary ..."
  26. ^ a b c Voltaire 1922, p. 257. "Hamilton (Antoine, comte d'), né à Caën. On a de lui quelques jolies poésies, et il est le premier qui ait fait des romans dans un goût plaisant, qui n'est pas le burlesque de Scarron. Ses Mémoires du comte de Grammont, son beau-frère, sont de tous les livres celui où le fond le plus mince est paré du style le plus gai, le plus vif et le plus agréable."
  27. ^ a b Corp 2004a, p. 766, left column, line 38. "Hamilton, Anthony [Antoine], Count Hamilton in the French nobility (1644/5?–1719), courtier and author, was the third of the six sons ..."
  28. ^ Paul 1904, pp. 52. "Sir George Hamilton, fourth son of James, first Earl of Abercorn, who was seated at Donalong, in the county of Tyrone ..."
  29. ^ a b G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 27. "He [James Butler] was cr. [created] 30 Aug. 1642 Marquess of Ormonde [I. [Ireland]];"
  30. ^ Barnard 2004, p. 156, left column. "Ormond was rewarded by being named by the king as lord lieutenant, and was sworn on 21 January 1644."
  31. ^ a b Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 43. "During the Irish wars he [George] served King Charles loyally, in association with his brother-in-law, James Butler, twelfth earl and first duke of Ormond."
  32. ^ Mahaffy 1900, p. 53. "5 June [1634] Westminster. The King to the Lord Deputy for Claude Hamilton and Sir George Hamilton, Kt. and Bt. Ordering him to consider a petition ..."
  33. ^ G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, note c. "This non-assumption of the dignity [baronet] throws some little doubt on its creation."
  34. ^ a b c d e f Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 34. "[Sir George] m. (art. dated 2 June 1629) Mary, 3rd dau. of Thomas, Viscount Thurles and sister of the 1st Duke of Ormonde. He d. [died] 1679. She d. Aug 1680 ..."
  35. ^ G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 14. "He [Thurles] d. v.p. [predeceasing his father], being drowned off the Skerrieds 15 Dec. 1619. His widow m. [married] George Mathew, of Thurles, and d. [died] at Thurles. May 1673 in her 86th year."
  36. ^ G. E. C. 1889, p. 94. "1. Theobald Walter [ancestor of the Butlers] ... accompanied in 1185 John, Count of Mortaigue, Lord of Ireland ... into Ireland."
  37. ^ Manning 2001, p. 150, last line. "... on May 1st 1640 by a grant ... to George Hamilton of Knockanderig ... of the manor, castle, town and lands of Nenagh for 31 years."
  38. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 135 left column, line 55. "... was probably born at Roscrea, Tipperary, about 1646."
  39. ^ Manning 2001, p. 150, line 42. "... February 28th 1635 regarding the marriage intended between Hamilton and Mary Butler, sister of the earl, which was to take place before the last day of April."
  40. ^ G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, line 13. "He m. [married] in 1629 Mary, sister of James, 1st Duke of Ormonde [I. and E.], 3d. da. [daughter] of Thomas Butler, styled Viscount Thurles,"
  41. ^ Paul 1904, p. 53, line 29. "He [George] married (contract dated 2 June 1629), Mary, third daughter of Thomas, Viscount Thurles ..."
  42. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 766, right column, line 14. "Anthony Hamilton also had three sisters ..."
  43. ^ Hayes 1943, p. 379. "He [Anthony] was reared in the Catholic religion, which was the religion of his parents, and he adhered to it till his death."
  44. ^ Goodwin 1908, p. x, line 15. "Like his father, Anthony was a Roman Catholic."
  45. ^ Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 35. "His fourth son, Sir George Hamilton, first baronet (c. 1608–1679), soldier and landowner, was raised, along with his siblings, by his uncle, Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw, who converted them to Roman Catholicism."
  46. ^ Manning 2001, p. 151, line 23. "The younger Sir George fought with the earl of Ormond and is frequently mentioned in accounts of the wars."
  47. ^ Clark 1921, p. 4. "Throughout this time of stress Sir George was a staunch ally to Ormonde and was employed by him on confidential missions."
  48. ^ Airy 1886, p. 54, right column. "... and the cessation was signed on the 15 Sept. [1643]."
  49. ^ Coffey 1914, p. 171. "A peace was signed on March 28th, 1646 without the Nuncio's knowledge."
  50. ^ Coffey 1914, p. 180, line 16. "He [Rinuccini] therefore urged the clergy to reject the peace which had been concluded without his sanction."
  51. ^ Corish 1976, p. 319. "On 16 February he [Ormond] succeeded in having the truce extended until 1 May."
  52. ^ a b Manning 2001, p. 151, line 29. "The younger Lady Hamilton was brought to Dublin, presumably with her family, in 1646, with her mother, Lady Thurles, and her sisters: Lady Muskerry and the wife of the baron of Loghmoe as reported on May 30th 1646."
  53. ^ a b Airy 1886, p. 56, left column, line 29. "On the 28th [July 1647] Ormonde delivered up the regalia and sailed for England, landing at Bristol on 2 Aug."
  54. ^ a b c Clark 1921, p. 5, line 24. "In the spring of 1651 took place, at last, the event which had such a determining influence on the fate of the young Hamiltons. Sir George Hamilton left his country for France with his family ..."
  55. ^ a b Airy 1886, p. 56, left column, line 50. "... and in August [1648], he himself began his journey thither. On leaving Havre, he was shipwrecked ... but at the end of September he [Ormond] again embarked, arriving at Cork on the 29th."
  56. ^ Clark 1921, p. 5, line 2. "In January 1649, after the peace between the Lord Lieutenant and the Confederates, Sir George was appointed Receiver-General of the Revenues for Ireland, in the place of the Earl of Roscommon who had died."
  57. ^ G. E. C. 1903, p. 305 line 11. "... he was Col. [Colonel] of Foot and Gov. [Governor] of Nenagh castle"
  58. ^ a b Warner 1768, p. 228. "... taking Nenagh and two other castles, on the tenth of November [1650], he [Ireton] came to his winter quarters at Kilkenny."
  59. ^ Cogan 1870, p. 67. "... against the continuance of His Majesty's authority in the person of the Marquess of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ..."
  60. ^ a b O'Sullivan 1983, p. 284, line 15. "... boarding a small frigate, the Elizabeth of Jersey, at Galway on the 7th December, 1650 ..."
  61. ^ Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 46. "... the Marquis of Ormonde, whom he followed to Caen in the spring of 1651 with his wife and family."
  62. ^ Clark 1921, p. 5, line 19. "When Ormonde left the kingdom in December, 1650, Sir George would have accompanied him with his family, but the clergy having unjustly questioned his honesty as Receiver-General, he was obliged to stay and clear his name, which he did successfully."
  63. ^ Clark 1921, p. 7, line 3. "Caen was doubtless the place where Sir George settled his family at first ..."
  64. ^ Brunet 1883, p. xiv, line 8. "... Hamilton, au printemps de 1651, conduisit sa femme et toute sa famille en France, et il résida près de Caen avec lord et lady Ormond."
  65. ^ Clark 1921, p. 8, line 14. "... James the eldest also joined the wandering court, though the precise nature of his connexion is not known."
  66. ^ Clark 1921, p. 8, line 13. "... George, the second son, was made a page to Charles II ..."
  67. ^ Perceval-Maxwell 2004, pp. 130–131. "... in August 1652 she [Lady Ormond] left for England with her family ..."
  68. ^ Clark 1921, p. 8, line 27. "... his [Anthony Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
  69. ^ a b c d Saint-Simon 1899, p. 560, line 8. "Il [Gramont] arriva à Londres le 15 janvier 1663, et retrouva entre autres camarades, les Hamilton, de grande maison écossaise et catholique, dont il avait fréquenté plusieurs jeunes gens au Louvre dans l'entourage de la veuve et du fils de Charles 1er."
  70. ^ a b Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
  71. ^ Wauchope 2004b, p. 888, right column, line 11. "... until the restoration when the family moved to Whitehall."
  72. ^ Elliott 2000, p. 114. "The Scottish settlers Sir George Hamilton and his brother Claud, Lord Strabane, were restored in Tyrone ..."
  73. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 135, right column, line 17. "These two brothers are frequently mentioned in the Mémoires."
  74. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 38. "1. James, col. in the service of Charles II and Groom of the Bedchamber, m. [married] 1661, Elizabeth, dau. [daughter] of John, Lord Colepeper."
  75. ^ Clark 1921, p. 16. "James Hamilton's marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Colepeper ... took place as early as 1660 or 1661. As the lady was a Protestant, James Hamilton left the Church of Rome shortly before his marriage, to the great sorrow and anger of his devout mother ..."
  76. ^ Clark 1921, p. 14, line 17. "... Charles ... obtained the hand of one of the Princess Royal's maids of honour for him."
  77. ^ Clark 1921, p. 12, line 1. "It was in the beginning of 1661 that Sir George Hamilton brought his wife and younger children to England. His elder sons had already preceded him."
  78. ^ Clark 1921, p. 12, line 22. "The family, the six sons and three daughters, lived for some time in a large comfortable house near Whitehall ..."
  79. ^ Auger 1805, p. 2, line 28. "Près de deux ans après le rétablissement de Charles II, arriva à Londres le fameux chevalier de Grammont, exilé de France ..."
  80. ^ Hamilton 1713, p. 104. "La Motte Houdancourt étoit une des filles de la Reine-Mère."
  81. ^ Auger 1805, pp. 2–3. "Près de deux ans après le rétablissement de Charles II, arriva à Londres le fameux chevalier de Grammont, exilé de France pour avoir voulu disputer à son maître le cœur de mademoiselle La Mothe-Houdancourt."
  82. ^ Fraser 2007, p. 115, line 3. "Charlotte-Eléanore La Motte Houdancourt, another maid of honour ..."
  83. ^ Auger 1805, p. 2, line 26. "... on parloit françois a St.-James presqu'aussi habituellement qu'à Versailles."
  84. ^ Weinreb & Hibbert 2008, p. 716, left column, line 7. "After the destruction by filre of Whitehall Palace in 1698, St James became the principal royal residence ..."
  85. ^ Corp 2004b, p. 286, left column. "Elizabeth's brother Anthony became his [Gramont's] close friend ..."
  86. ^ Lewis 1958, p. 169, line 5. "... [Philibert] was at once welcomed into the king's raffish entourage of mistresses and roués ..."
  87. ^ Lewis 1958, p. 171, line 13. "Then he [Philibert] met Miss Hamilton and in a trice Middleton and Warmestre were forgotten ..."
  88. ^ Jusserand 1892, p. 94, line 13. "With this view [of marriage] he [Gramont] has cast his eyes on a beautiful young demoiselle of the house of Hamilton ..."
  89. ^ Wheatley 1912, p. 263, note 15. "This well known story is told in a letter from Lord Melfort to Richard Hamilton ..."
  90. ^ Auger 1805, p. 3. "Chevalier de Grammont, lui crièrent-ils [Anthony and George] du plus loin qu'ils l'aperçurent chevalier de Grammont avez-vous rien oublié à Londres? — Pardonnez-moi, Messieurs, j'ai oublié d'épouser votre sœur."
  91. ^ Francisque-Michel 1862, p. 368, line 9. "... Antoine et George ... lui dirent en l'abordant 'Chevalier de Grammont, n'avez-vous rien oublié à Londres?'—'Pardonnez-moi, messieurs, j'ai oublié d'épouser votre sœur.'"
  92. ^ La Chenaye-Desbois 1866a, p. 642, line 28. "Susanne-Charlotte mariée à Henri Mitte, Marquis de Saint-Chamond ..."
  93. ^ Clark 1921, p. 22, line 19. "... it might seem as if the two 'troublesome brothers', alarmed by the chevalier's sudden departure for France, had delayed his expedition and exacted a public engagement."
  94. ^ Lewis 1958, p. 173, line 28. "Later in the year Philibert heard from his sister, Madame de St-Chaumont ... that Louis XIV had given him leave to return ..."
  95. ^ Lewis 1958, p. 174, line . "... a visit from his brother the Maréchal, with orders for him to return to England at once."
  96. ^ Clark 1921, pp. 23–24. "... marriage only took place in the end of December and amidst circumstances which would completely justify one in placing the anecdote there."
  97. ^ a b Hartmann 1930a, p. 378. "The chevalier de Gramont's rare constancy had met with its reward long before, towards the end of December 1663."
  98. ^ a b Paul 1904, p. 55, pemultimate line. "... she [Elizabeth] married in 1664 the dissipated Philibert, Count de Gramont ..."
  99. ^ Saint-Simon 1899, p. 563, line 8. "Le contrat de mariage fut passé sans autre retard, le 9 décembre 1663 (style anglais) ..."
  100. ^ Louis XIV 1806, p. 170. "Au comte de Grammont. Paris le 6 mars 1664. Monsieur Le Comte de Grammont. Il ne faut point que l'impatience de vous rendre auprès de moi, trouble vos nouvelles douceurs. Vous serez toujours le bien-venu ..."
  101. ^ Clark 1921, p. 29, line 24. "It therefore became necessary to cashier all Roman Catholics serving in the Royal Guards, and, on the 28th of September, 1667, on the ground that they refused to take the Oath of Supremacy, they were dismissed."
  102. ^ Clark 1921, p. 32, line 14. "On the first of February, 1668, at last and aided by a new gift of five hundred pistols by Louis, George Hamilton managed to sail from Dover to Ostend with 100 men and horses ..."
  103. ^ Clark 1921, p. 32, bottom. "It is more than likely that Anthony accompanied him to France at this time, since we know that the two brothers served there together."
  104. ^ a b Silke 1976, p. 609. "... in 1671 Sir George Hamilton recruited an infantry regiment of 1,500 for France."
  105. ^ Goodwin 1908, p. x, line 23. "He [Anthony] was again in Ireland in 1671, apparently to assist his brother, who had obtained permission from the King to levy secretly a regiment of 1500 men in that country for the French service. A news-letter of the day (printed in the State Papers) records a gallant deed performed by him on the night of May 19, when a destructive fire broke out in the storehouse of Dublin Castle."
  106. ^ O Ciardha 2009a, 2nd paragraph, 2nd sentence. "... he [Anthony] saved Dublin castle from total destruction during a fire by carrying out a barrel of gunpowder."
  107. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 766, right column, line 21. "They [Anthony and Richard] served in the Franco-Dutch war 1672-8."
  108. ^ Wauchope 2004b, p. 888, right column, line 12. "... George raised a regiment for service in France in 1671 in which both Richard and another brother Anthony ... took commissions."
  109. ^ Clark 1921, p. 45, line 26. "... left in garrison in Liége."
  110. ^ Clark 1921, p. 46. "... proceeded to Utrecht, which fell on the 20th of June [1672]."
  111. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 135 right column, line 33. "... in Limerick in 1673 holding a captain's commission in the French army and recruiting for his brother's [George's] corps."
  112. ^ Clark 1921, p. 33. "The soldier portrait of Anthony Hamilton preserved at the National Portrait Gallery, must have been painted not long after this [not long after 1667];"
  113. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 185. "A portrait of Anthony Hamilton [attributed to Troy] can be dated to about 1700 ..."
  114. ^ Sergeant 1913, p. 213. "In 1674 he [Sir George] was engaged in two desperate struggles between Turenne and the Duke of Bournonville, at Sintzheim on June 16th and at Entzheim on October 6th, on both occasions playing a distinguished part in Turenne's victory."
  115. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 54. "George and Anthony were both wounded."
  116. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 56, line 10. "George Hamilton did not himself go to Ireland, as his affairs, so he said, required an early return to France. He left in the very beginning of March [1675], but Anthony was put in charge of the difficult expedition, and with him was his younger brother Richard, who must have entered the French service some time before."
  117. ^ Clark 1921, p. 56, bottom. "All in a sudden, in the first week of April [1675], the French ships arrived unexpectedly in Kinsale."
  118. ^ Clark 1921, p. 56, line 31. "Hamilton expected the French ships on the 8th of March [1675] but they did not appear."
  119. ^ Clark 1921, p. 55, line 31. "Turenne defeated them at Mulhouse on the 29th of December and at Turckheim on January 5th. George and Anthony did not, however, take part in these operations ..."
  120. ^ Clark 1921, p. 213, last line. "Hamilton was at his side when the fatal shot struck him down ..."
  121. ^ Atkinson 1946, p. 166, line 15. "... of Hamilton's 450 [killed and wounded]."
  122. ^ Atkinson 1946, p. 166, line 39. "... Condé, who had been securing a strong position on the Meuse, was hurried to Alsace with reinforcements, and was able to hold the Imperialists in check ..."
  123. ^ Longueville 1907, p. 392. "The King made Condé leave his army in Flanders to take the command vacated by the death of Turenne."
  124. ^ Lynn 1999, p. 142. "... at the end of this campaign, Condé left the army to spend his final decade on his estate ar Chantilly."
  125. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 62. "He [George] had to raise 1100 men, and while Anthony or possibly Richard remained in Toul with the regiment, he proceeded to England ... "
  126. ^ Historical Manuscripts Commission 1906, p. 6. "1675-6, January 22 ... arrivall of Comte Hamilton ... Ye Monsieurs are now come ..."
  127. ^ Courcelles 1823, p. 54. "Nommé commandant de l'armée d'Allemagne, par pouvoir du 10 mars 1676 ..."
  128. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 63. "Near Saverne Lorraine [i.e. the duc de L.] attacked his [Luxembourg's] rear-guard, commanded by George Hamilton, but was driven back in a fierce combat, in which Hamilton and his regiment fought with all possible bravery ... George Hamilton fell. This was on the 1st of June, 1676."
  129. ^ a b Sergeant 1913, p. 217. "At the beginning of June [1676] he took part in the battle of Zebernstieg [Col de Saverne] and was engaged in covering the French retreat on Saverne when he was killed by a musket-shot."
  130. ^ a b c Corp 2004c, p. 217, line 1. "Anthony Hamilton had inherited his brother's title in 1678."
  131. ^ Clark 1921, p. 32, note 6. "As for Anthony, who is so often styled 'Çount' Anthony, there is no evidence whatsoever to show that he bore this title during his lifetime."
  132. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 136, left column, line 10. "It is not clear when and how he [Anthony] obtained his title of count.."
  133. ^ a b Parfaict 1756, pp. 535–538. "Triomphe de l'Amour, Ballet en vingt entrées de M. Quinault, Musique de M. Lully, représenté devant Sa Majesté, à S. Germain en Laye, le Mardi 21 Janvier 1681. ... [p. 538] Zéphyrs. M. le Prince de la Roche-sur-Yon, M. de Vermandois, Messieurs les marquis d'Alincourt, de Moy et de Richelieu, M. le Comte d'Hamilton."
  134. ^ La Chenaye-Desbois 1774, p. 630. "Elle [the countess de Gramont] avoit pour frère Antoine, Comte d'Hamilton ..."
  135. ^ Webb 1878, p. 241, left column, line 12. "Hamilton, Count Anthony was born ..."
  136. ^ a b Corp 2004a, p. 766, right column, line 22. "In 1678, having inherited the title of count from his brother, Anthony left France."
  137. ^ Paul 1904, p. 55, line 1. "... she [Elizabeth Hamilton] died, 3 June 1708, aged sixty-seven."
  138. ^ a b c Kissenberth 1907, p. 43, line 23. "Im folio 31 der 'régistres paroissiaux, année 1719' fand ich unter dem 22. April den Totenschein Hamiltons den ich hier getreu nach dem Original wiedergebe: 'Acte de décès. Le même jour a été inhumé dans cette église le corps de mre. [messire] Antoine Hamilton marechal de camp de la maison d'Abercorne en Ecosse décédé sur cette paroisse le jour précédent âgé de soixante et quatorze ans, en présence de Sr. Jean Nugent, Ecuyer du Roi d'Angleterre, et Cousin du défunt ...'."
  139. ^ Historical Manuscripts Commission 1902, p. 267. "I wonder M. Antony Hamilton will still be rambling ..."
  140. ^ Wauchope 2004a, p. 523, right column, line 10. "... [Dongan] in 1671 was appointed lieutenant-colonel of George Hamilton's Irish regiment in French pay ... He took over as colonel after Hamilton's death in 1676 ..."
  141. ^ Atkinson 1946, pp. 168–169. "'Anthony Hamilton' Sarsfield wrote on 1st July [1676] 'quits'; he [Hamilton] was told by Louis that he could not afford to give him a regiment this year."
  142. ^ Clark 1921, p. 65. "It is somewhat uncertain whether Anthony Hamilton continued to serve in the regiment ..."
  143. ^ Atkinson 1946, p. 168 bottom. "... the Lieutenant-Colonelcy going to Richard Hamilton ..."
  144. ^ a b c Lynn 1999, p. 156, line 33. "... the French and Dutch signed the Treaty of Nijwegen on 10 August [1678]. ... and peace followed with the emperor on 6 February 1679 [N.S.]."
  145. ^ Clark 1921, p. 69, bottom. "In December [1678] Louis ... disbanded the regiment d'Hamilton ..."
  146. ^ Dulck 1989, p. 7. "Suit une période assez obscure. Il [Anthony] vit en Irlande de 1677 à 1684, puis rentre à Londres ..."
  147. ^ G. E. C. 1903, p. 305 line 17. "James Hamilton, of Donalong aforesaid, grandson and h.[heir] being 1st s. [son] and h. of Col. James Hamilton, Groom of the Bedchamber "
  148. ^ Hamilton 1811, frontispiece
  149. ^ Auger 1805, p. 5, line 13. "Quelques années auparavant, en 1681, dans un de ces voyages qu'il faisoit en France, il avoit vu ce même St-Germain l'asile des plaisirs et de la volupté, et il avoit été choisi par le roi pour figurer dans le Triomphe de l'amour, ballet de Quinault."
  150. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 135 right column, middle. "He [Anthony Hamilton] appeared as a zephyr in the performance of Quinault's ballet, the 'Triomphe d'amour,' at St. Germain-en-Laye in 1681."
  151. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 766, right column, line 26. "During this period he appeared alongside the dauphin as a zephyr in Lully's ballet Le triomphe de l'amour, which was given twenty-nine performances in the Château de St Germain-en-Laye in January and February 1681."
  152. ^ Wauchope 2004b, p. 888, right column, line 20. "... he [Richard Hamilton] danced before Louis XIV as a zephyr in Quinault's ballet Le triomphe de l'amour at St Germain-en-Laye"
  153. ^ Clark 1921, p. 72, line 1. "It would thus seem that the above Count Hamilton was Richard ..."
  154. ^ Clark 1921, p. 71, line 19. "In the summer of 1681 he was definitely established at Dublin ..."
  155. ^ a b Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 46. "James II. ... acc. 6 Feb. 1685 ..."
  156. ^ McGuire 2009, 12th paragraph. "In late April Talbot was sent to Ireland to purge the entirely protestant Irish army of 'disaffected officers' or, as Talbot called them, 'Cromwellians'."
  157. ^ Walsh & Doyle 2009, 2nd paragraph, 5th sentence. "Tyrconnell had already overseen a significant 'catholicisation' of the army in Ireland during 1685."
  158. ^ Wauchope 2004b, p. 888, right column, line 31. "He [Richard] was made a colonel of dragoons on the Irish establishment by James II on 20 June 1685, and in April 1686 he was promoted to brigadier, making him (after Tyrconnell and Justin MacCarthy) the third most senior member of the Irish army."
  159. ^ Clark 1921, p. 74, line 12. "John, the youngest brother, was lieutenant in Lord Mount joy's regiment."
  160. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 74, line 10. "Anthony also took service in Ireland as Sir Thomas Newcomen's Lieutenant-Colonel in his regiment of foot."
  161. ^ G. E. C. 1896, p. 445. "... cr. [created] him 20 June 1685 Baron of Talbotstown, co. Wicklow, Viscount Baltinglass, also in co. Wicklow, and Earl of Tyrconnell ..."
  162. ^ Clark 1921, p. 75, line 8. "... he [Hamilton] was, however, appointed Governor of Limerick in 1685, in place of the Protestant Governor, Sir William King, who was deposed, and his company quartered in Limerick."
  163. ^ Gibney 2009, 2nd paragraph. "As governor of Limerick during the anti-catholic scares caused by the 'popish plot' of 1678, King took an active and assiduous role in improving fortifications and pursuing suspects, often in association with Orrery."
  164. ^ Clark 1921, p. 75, line 11. "The new Governor went publicly to mass, an event unheard of since 1650."
  165. ^ a b Lenihan 1866, p. 210. "On the 1st of August, same year [1685], Lieut.-Colonel Anthony Hamilton came to Limerick as Governor, in place of Sir William King, who was deposed. Hamilton was the first Governor who for 35 years before publicly went to Mass."
  166. ^ Boulger 1911, p. 70, line 27. "... the Earl of Clarendon ... has been appointed Lord Deputy or Viceroy, and he is a strong Protestant."
  167. ^ a b Fryde et al. 1986, p. 170, line 9. "1685, 1 Oct. / 9 Jan 1686. / Henry, 2nd e. [earl] of Clarendon, L.L. [Lord Lieutenant]"
  168. ^ Walsh & Doyle 2009, 2nd paragraph, 4th sentence. "... (he arrived in January 1686) ..."
  169. ^ Sergeant 1913, p. 344. "Anthony Hamilton was not an admirer of Tyrconnell, which naturally attracted Clarendon's sympathy to him."
  170. ^ Walsh & Doyle 2009, 2nd paragraph, last sentence. "... Clarendon consistently overestimated (or overstated) the power of such catholic 'moderates', and it may be significant that he rarely named them in his correspondence."
  171. ^ Clark 1921, p. 76, line 9. "Clarendon ... speaks very kindly of Anthony Hamilton, and describes him as a man who understands the regiment better than the Colonel, ' for he makes it his business/"
  172. ^ Clark 1921, p. 76, line 25. "Men, he [Hamilton] said, were put out of that regiment who were as good men as were in the world, and he did not think so of those who replaced them."
  173. ^ O Ciardha 2009a, 2nd paragraph, 6th sentence. "In the same year [1685] ... was appointed to James II's privy council."
  174. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 767, left column, line 2. "At the end of the following year [i.e. 1686] he was sworn of the Irish privy council ..."
  175. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 767, left column, line 2. "... and promoted to the rank of colonel in February 1687."
  176. ^ Public Record Office 1972, p. 291. "... Stephen Taaff to be ensign of Major Barnwall's company in Col. Anthony Hamilton's Regiment of foot;"
  177. ^ Shepherd 1990, p. 26, line 1. "On Tuesday 25 September 1688 ... Tyrconnell received an urgent demand from London to sent four regiments of Irish troops to England."
  178. ^ a b Childs 2007, p. 3. "To strengthen his forces in the face of the Dutch threat, James ordered the better elements of the Irish army into England. One regiment of dragoons, a battalion of the Irish Foot Guards, and Anthony Hamilton's and Lord Forbes's battalions of line infantry ..."
  179. ^ Dalton 1896, p. 221. "Irish Regts. which came to England at the revolution in 1688 ... Col. Butler's Dragoons ... King's Foot Guards ... Lord Forbes Regt of Foot ... Col. Hamilton's Regt. of Ft. / Ant. Hamilton ... Col. McElligott's do. [do.=ditto; i.e. another regiment of foot] ..."
  180. ^ Shepherd 1990, p. 26, line 14. "The Irish reinforcements began arriving at Chester, Liverpool and neighbouring ports in early October 1688. The Irish ... and Anthony Hamilton marched through the midlands, arriving at their quarters in and around London by the end of the month."
  181. ^ Handley 2004, p. 881, right column, line8. "... James II made him [Berwick] Governor of Portsmouth on 1 December 1687 ..."
  182. ^ Jones 1982, p. 148. "... Portsmouth, where they remained with ... Colonel Anthony Hamilton's regiments of foot and two regiments of English soldiers, until the surrender of that place on the 20th [December 1688]."
  183. ^ O Ciardha 2009a, 3rd paragraph, 2nd sentence. "It is not known whether Hamilton accompanied these forces."
  184. ^ Gardiner 1895, p. 1689. "On December 23, with William's connivance, James embarked for France."
  185. ^ King 1730, p. 88 ps=. "A List of all the Men of Note that came with King James out of France .../ Col. Anthony Hamilton. / Col. John Hamilton."
  186. ^ O'Callaghan 1854, p. 15, line 7. "On the revolt of England against the King in 1688, he [Anthony] retired, as his Sovereign did, to France, and was one of those officers who accompanied him from Brest to Ireland."
  187. ^ a b Doherty 1998, p. 29, line 1. "... James II landed at Kinsale from France on 12 March 1689."
  188. ^ O Ciardha 2009b, 2nd paragraph, 4th sentence. "... Hamilton tricked William, broke his parole, and once having reached Ireland remained there and joined the Jacobites."
  189. ^ Clark 1921, p. 93. "Anthony Hamilton had been appointed Major-General in the early part of the summer [1689]."
  190. ^ Hogan 1934, p. 257,33 line . "... le duc de Barwick est posté entre Dery et Iniskilin, Antoine Amilton à Belterbot, et un nommé Sasphilt [Sarsfield] du costé de Sligo."
  191. ^ Boulger 1911, p. 109. "The cavalry of his force was commanded hy Anthony Hamilton, and the result showed that he was better with his pen than his sword."
  192. ^ Hogan 1934, pp. 384-385. "... il [Montcachel] dit à Antoine Hamilton d'aller avec treize compagnies de dragons chasser un parti qui paroissoit, et occuper ensuitte un passage où cent hommes pourraient en arrester dix milles."
  193. ^ Shepherd 1990, p. 66. "... the Enniskilleners recovered, and ambushed and massacred Hamilton's dragoons."
  194. ^ a b Rigg 1890, p. 135, right column, bottom. "With the rank of major-general he [Anthony] commanded the dragoons, under Lord Mountcashell, at the siege of Enniskillen, and in the battle of Newtown Butler on 31 July 1689 was wounded in the leg at the beginning of the action, and his raw levies were routed with great slaughter."
  195. ^ Simms 1969, p. 117. "... Hamilton continued his flight till he reached Navan in County Meath."
  196. ^ D'Alton 1861, p. 431. "Regiments of dragoons. Colonel Francis Carrol's ... Captains ... Peter Lavallen"
  197. ^ Childs 2007, p. 53. "General Conrad von Rosen, who bore the brevet title of Maréchal d'Irlande."
  198. ^ Clark 1921, p. 96. "Rosen presided over the court ... Anthony was acquitted and Lavallin, who to the end protested that he had repeated the order as it had been given to him, was put to death."
  199. ^ O'Callaghan 1854, p. 15, line 37. "It was in the spring of 1690 ... that the formation of the force, styled 'Irish Brigade in the Service of France' was commenced ...'"
  200. ^ Hogan 1934, p. 287. "... Sa Maiesté ne veut point pour commandant des troupes Irlandoises qui viendront à son service, pas mesme pour un des colonels, des Srs. d'Hamilton qui ont servy en France ..."
  201. ^ Ellis 1978, p. 82. "... James and the major part of his cavalry and dragoons, with Major-Generals Patrick Sarsfield, Thomas Maxwell, Anthony and John Hamilton, and Alexander Rainier, the Marquis of Boisseleau, had joined Lauzun ..."
  202. ^ Ellis 1978, p. 107. "He [Tyrconnell] ordered Richard Hamilton to take command of the rearguard and to delay the Williamites as best as he could ..."
  203. ^ a b Boulger 1911, p. 158. "With regard to Anthony Hamilton, whose name has just been mentioned, it may be stated that he did participate in the cavalry charges."
  204. ^ O Ciardha 2009a, 3rd paragraph, last sentence. "He [Anthony] later fought in the second line of cavalry at the Boyne and Limerick."
  205. ^ Simms 1976, p. 501. "... he [William] decided to raise the siege and return to the England at the end of August."
  206. ^ a b Boulger 1911, p. 199. "[Sept 1688]... he [Tyrconnell] sent Anthony Hamilton to France with news of the raising of the siege ..."
  207. ^ Clark 1921, p. 106. "... but whether Anthony Hamilton came back to Ireland is uncertain;"
  208. ^ Boyle 1879, p. 287, line 6. "... that Major-Generals Dorrington, H. M. J. O'Neil, Brigadier Gordon O'Neil, Colonels Felix O'Neil and Anthony Hamilton held the centre;"
  209. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 136, left column, line 8. "He does not appear to have been present at the battle of Aughrim."
  210. ^ Boulger 1911, p. 244, line 3. "Major-General John Hamilton, who died at Dublin soon after of his wounds."
  211. ^ Doherty 1998, p. 181, line 31. "... two major-generals (Dorrington and John Hamilton), a brigadier and another nine colonels were captured. Hamilton later died from wounds."
  212. ^ O Ciardha 2009a, Last paragraph, 1st sentence. "Hamilton spent the remainder of his life at Saint-Germain, where he died on 21 April 1720 ..."
  213. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 76, line 6. "[Louis XIV] decided that the Château-Vieux de Saint-Germain-en-Laye would be more suitable."
  214. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 76, line 22. "James II was given the larger of the two royal châteaux, known as the château-Vieux. The other one, the château-neuf ..."
  215. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 216, line 21. "He [Anthony] never had a post in the royal household ..."
  216. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 767, left column, line 29. "Hamilton was given a generous pension by James II ..."
  217. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 216, note 4. "Hamilton was given a pension of 2000 livres per annum, later reduced to 1320 livres in 1703 but increased to 2200 livres by 1717."
  218. ^ Stanley, Newton & Ellis 1702, 1st table. "The Ecu of France of 60 sols Turnois / 54.13 pence"
  219. ^ Hogan 1934, p. 300. "L'Ecu de France ... 5[s] 0[d]"
  220. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  221. ^ a b Corp 2004a, p. 768, left column, line 30. "He [Anthony] continued to live in the Château de Saint-Germain where he had an apartment and where he was looked after in his last years by Mrs. Lockhart, the widow of a fellow Jacobite."
  222. ^ Haile 1905, p. 276, line 6. "... the most brilliant ornament of that exiled court was Anthony Hamilton ..."
  223. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 80. "Figure 4"
  224. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 83. "... during the 1680s LouisXIV had ordered Hardouin-Mansart to add a pavillion to each of the five corners of the château."
  225. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 217, line 4 . "At the exiled court Hamilton was on particularly good terms with the Duke of Berwick's second wife Anne (née Bulkeley) and her three sisters Charlotte (Viscountess Clare), Henrietta and Laura (both unmarried) ..."
  226. ^ Humphreys & Wynne 2004, pp. 579–580. "... she married ... Henry Bulkeley (c.1641–1698) fifth but third surviving son of Thomas, 1st Viscount Bulkeley ... he was master of the household to Charles II and James II ..."
  227. ^ Brunet 1883, p. xvi, line 3. "Il [Hamilton] voyait surtout le duc de Berwick (fils de Jacques II); la duchesse était la nièce de la belle Stewart, qui occupe tant de place dans les Mémoires."
  228. ^ Dulon 1897, p. 58. "Le duc de Berwick se remaria à Mlle Anne de Bulkeley, seconde fille de Henri de Bulkeley et de Sophie Stuart, première dame d'honneur de la reine d'Angleterre, Marie d'Este [Mary of Modena]. Ce dernier mariage fut célébré à Saint-Germain-en-Laye, le 20 avril 1700 ..."
  229. ^ a b Handley 2004, p. 882, right column. "In Paris on 18 April 1700 he [Berwick] married Anne (c. 1675–1751), daughter of Henry Bulkeley, master of the household to James II."
  230. ^ Haile 1905, p. 277, line 10. "... her daughter Anne, Hamilton's "belle Nanette," was to marry the Duke of Berwick as his second wife."
  231. ^ Scott 1846, p. 9, line 5. "... he was a particular admirer of Henrietta Bulkeley; but their union would have been that of hunger and thirst, for both were very poor ..."
  232. ^ Brunet 1883, p. xvi, line 10. "Il paraît avoir été épris d'Henriette, mais elle n'avait point de fortune; lui-même était dans une position fort embarrassée ... Un mariage était donc impossible, parce qu'il y avait un rang à soutenir;"
  233. ^ Clark 1921, pp. 125, last line. "It was about 1696 that Anthony Hamilton wrote the well-known description of the exiled court ..."
  234. ^ Hamilton 1849, p. 280. "... the late Archbishop of Paris, who occupied one-half of the terrace with his chariot and eight horses ..."
  235. ^ La Chenaye-Desbois 1866b, p. 342, right column. "... un Archevêque de Paris dans François de Harlay, l'un des Grands Prélats de son siècle, mort le 6 Août 1695, âgé de 70 ans."
  236. ^ Clark 1921, p. 126, note. "The tale of Zeneyde ... can be dated through the reference to the death of the Archbishop of Paris, Harlay."
  237. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 238. "... Hamilton put it: 'there is no mercy here for those who do not spend half their day at their prayers or at any rate make a show of doing so'.
  238. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 217, line 7. "In 1701 he [Hamilton] accompanied Berwick on his misson to Rome to obtain the support of the new Pope Clement XI for the Jacobite cause."
  239. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 57, line 9. "... on 4 March [1701] ... James II suffered a major stroke."
  240. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 60, note 266. "Berwick left Saint-Germain for Rome on 17 January 1701 and returned there on 2 April."
  241. ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 38. "James II (who d. [died] 16 Sept. 1701, at St. Germains, where he was buried.) ..."
  242. ^ Dulon 1897, p. 29. "– Maladie et décès de Jacques II au Château-vieux de Saint-Germain-en-Laye."
  243. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 227. "... his poem: 'Sur l'Agonie du feu Roi d'Angleterre'."
  244. ^ Clark 1921, p. 138. "... the court of the young king and the princess, Marie Louise, could not but be something more light-hearted than the court of the deeply humiliated monarch with his penitence and his mortifications of the flesh. Not one of the letters that Hamilton writes from Saint-Germain between 1700 and 1710 approaches the pessimism of Zeneyde ..."
  245. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 217, line 12. "In May 1703 Louis XIV gave Hamilton's sister the use during her lifetime of a house near Meudon called 'Les Moulineaux'. In the five years until her death in June 1708 it was much frequented and became the centre of [Anthony] Hamilton's social world."
  246. ^ Clark 1921, p. 122. "When Félix, the chief-surgeon, died in 1703, a small property of his, les Moulineaux, which lay within the grounds of Versailles, fell vacant and the king at once gave it to Madame de Gramont, a present which caused no little talk ..."
  247. ^ a b c Corp 2004c, p. 217, line 33. "Hamilton's decision to write the 'Mémoires de la vie du comte de Grammont' (sic), his brother-in-law, was originally taken in 1704, while the two men were at Séméac in Gascogne ..."
  248. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 217, line 9. "At the French court Hamilton frequented the circle of the duc and duchesse du Maine, particularly after 1700 when the latter first occupied the Château de Sceaux."
  249. ^ Clark 1921, p. 137, line 14. "In fact Hamilton was described at Sceaux as the Horace of Albion ..."
  250. ^ Chisholm 1910b, p.  884, first paragraph, penultimate sentence. "With Ludovise, duchesse du Maine, he became an especial favourite, and it was at her seat at Sceaux that he wrote the Mémoires that made him famous."
  251. ^ Jullien 1885, p. 51, line 17. "Hamilton a laissé un récit bien spirituel de cette nuit du 9 au 10 août 1705 à laquelle il eut l'honneur d'assister."
  252. ^ a b La Chenaye-Desbois 1866a, p. 642, line 10. "Il mourut le 30 janvier 1707, âgé de 86 ans "
  253. ^ a b Chisholm 1910a, p.  b333, first paragraph, bottom. "[Gramont] died on the 10th of January 1707, and the Mémoires appeared six years later."
  254. ^ a b Dangeau 1857a, p. 293. "Dimanche 30 [Janvier 1707] ... Le comte de Gramont mourut à Paris la nuit passée."
  255. ^ Saint-Simon 1929, p. 415, line 6. "Il [James III] ne devoit être suivi, comme en effet il ne le fut, que [among others] ... des deux Hamiltons [Anthony & Richard] ..."
  256. ^ Saint-Simon 1929, p. 427, note 7. "J'ai dit qu'il n'y en avait qu'un."
  257. ^ a b Luttrell 1857, p. 282. "Besides the French general officers on board, he [James III] had with him 4 of his own country, viz. Dorington, Richard Hamilton, Skelton and Galmoy;"
  258. ^ a b Dangeau 1857b, p. 150. "June 1708. Dimanche 3 ... La comtesse de Gramont mourut à Paris."
  259. ^ a b Paul 1904, p. 56, line 7. "... she [Elizabeth Hamilton] died, 3 June 1708, aged sixty-seven."
  260. ^ Miller 1971, p. 142, line 15. "On 6 September 1712, James said good-bye to the Queen Regent, who was at Chaillot, and set out on the first stage of his exele."
  261. ^ a b Miller 1971, p. 147, line 8. "On 11 April 1713 the peace was signed at Utrecht: in return for the acknowledgement of his grandson as Philip V of Spain, Louis had had to recognize the Hanoverian and Protestant succession in England."
  262. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 768, left column, line 18. "... his brother Richard had followed James III and most of his courtiers to Bar-le-Duc in Lorraine."
  263. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 9. "Queen Mary of Modena, however, was allowed to remain at Saint-Germain after the departure of her son and continued to maintain there a large royal household."
  264. ^ Rousseau 1968, p. 185, line 13. "... Voltaire a connu Hamilton dans la société du Temple peu avant 1715;"
  265. ^ Piganiol de La Force 1765, p. 340. "Les Chevaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem entrèrent donc en possession du Temple."
  266. ^ Saint-Simon 1910, p. 452. "... Masner a eu la hardiesse, le 28 octobre 1710, de mettre de nouveau la main sir S. A. M. de Vendôme  ..."
  267. ^ Saint-Simon 1910, p. 168, line 9. "... permission du Roi [for the grand prior] de venir démeurer à Lyon, mais sans approcher la cour ni Paris ..."
  268. ^ Raunie 1884, p. xiii. "... l'abbé de Chaulieu qui mangeait gaiement ses revenus ecclésiastiques dans sa petite maison de l'enclos du Temple, rendez-vous d'une société aussi spirituelle que désordonnée."
  269. ^ Dulon 1897, p. 104. "... il [Hamilton] y [at Saint-Germain] mourut, après l'avoir habitée pendant 31 ans, le 21 avril 1719."
  270. ^ Carte 1851, p. 265. "... after taking Roscrea on Sept. 17 [1646], and putting man, woman, and child to the sword, except sir G. Hamilton's lady, sister to the marquis of Ormond ..."
  271. ^ Coffey 1914, p. 195. "The army then moved to Knocknanuss or Knock-na-gaoll, where on November 13th [1647] Taaffe was routed by Inchiquin."
  272. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
  273. ^ Hayes-McCoy 1990, p. 205, line 29. "The battle of Rathmines, fought on 2 August 1649 ..."
  274. ^ Francisque-Michel 1862, p. 368, line 3. "... repassa en Angleterre en 1660, à l'âge d'environ quatorze ans ..."
  275. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 40 . "He [James Hamilton] d.v.p. of a wound received in a naval engagement with the Dutch, 6 June 1673 and was buried in Westminster Abbey."
  276. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 170, line 7. "1685, 24 Feb. / 20 Mar. / Michael Boyle, abp [archbishop] of Dublin 1663–79, L.C. [Lord Chancellor], and Arthur, 1st e. of Granard L.JJ. [Lord Justices]"
  277. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 170, line 10. "1687, 8 Jan. / 12 Feb. / Richard, 1st e. [earl] of Tyrconnell L.D. [Lord Deputy]"
  278. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 11. "William III. ... acc. 13 Feb. 1689 ..."
  279. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 31. "Anne ... acc. 8 Mar. 1702 ..."
  280. ^ a b Hamilton 1713, title page
  281. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 38. "George I ... acc. 1 Aug. 1714;"
  282. ^ Goubert 1984, p. 406, line 5. "1715, 1er septembre: Mort de Louis XIV."
  283. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 298. "... he had safely arrived at Peterhead on 2nd [1715]."
  284. ^ Dangeau 1859, p. 216. "Richard Hamilton est mort à Poussay, chez sa nièce l'abbesse, fille de la feue comtesse de Gramont, soeur de Richard."
  285. ^ Hartmann 1930b, p. 1. "The Memoirs of the comte de Gramont can fairly lay claim to be one of the prodigies of literature—a work that is characteristically and exquisitely French, written by a man who had not a drop of French blood in his veins."
  286. ^ Vizetelly 1889, p. xx. "... he is French wit incarnate;"
  287. ^ Voltaire 1877, p. 573, line 9. "Auprès d'eux le vif Hamilton, Toujours armé d'un trait qui blesse, Médisait de l'humaine espèce, Et même d'un peu mieux, dit-on."
  288. ^ LaHarpe 1813, p. 228, line 28. "mais il convient de mettre à part Hamilton, esprit original, qui, pressé par les dames de la cour de faire des contes dans le goût de Mille et une Nuits ... prit le parti d'en faire comme Cervantes avait fait un livre de chevalerie, mais pour s'en moquer."
  289. ^ Sainte-Beuve 1904, p. 393, line 15. "This is the only work of Hamilton that is worth re-reading today; as for his verses and even for his Contes they need not be mentioned. His verses ... are entirely out of date for us, and almost unreadable;"
  290. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 263, line 11. "While L'Enchanteur Faustus was only given to the general public in 1776 ..."
  291. ^ Hamilton 1889, p. 27. "... to himself we owe these memoirs, since I only hold the pen, while he directs it to the most remarkable and secret passages of his life."
  292. ^ Clark 1921, p. 203, note 1. "The Memoirs were not written later than 1710, for Richard Jones, Count of Ranelagh, mentioned as still alive, died in January 1711."
  293. ^ Drabble 1985, p. 409, right column, line 31. "The first part of the memoirs, dealing with Gramont's life on the Continent down to the time of his banishment from the French court, was probably dictated by Gramont to Hamilton."
  294. ^ Wheatley 1912, p. 262, line 8. "... this portion has all the marks of having been taken down from Gramont's dictation."
  295. ^ Drabble 1985, p. 409, right column, line 35. "The second part of the memoirs relating to the English court appears to be Hamilton's own work."
  296. ^ Sayous 1853, p. 353. "... que la mémoire de la comtesse de Grammont ait soutenu celle du comte ..."
  297. ^ G. E. C. 1910, p. 6, line 7. "... who died v.p. [predeceased his father], being mortally wounded 3 June in a sea-fight with the Dutch ..."
  298. ^ Laffont-Bompiani 1994, pp. 1377–1378. "... ces mémoires eurent aussitot un grand succès ..."
  299. ^ Dulck 1989, p. 8. "Le succès de ce livre [les mémoires] fut très grand ..."
  300. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 136, right column, line 29. "... it [the memoirs] is written with such brilliancy and vivacity that it must always rank as a classic."
  301. ^ Wheatley 1912, p. 261, line 1. "The anonymous Mémoires de la Vie du Comte de Gramont ... is universally acknowledged to be a masterpiece of French literature ..."
  302. ^ Sainte-Beuve 1904, p. 394, line 20. "But the Memoires de Grammont, they last; it is to them that the fairy has given all her grace."
  303. ^ Hartmann 1924, p. 95, note 1. "The chronology of the Memoirs does not pretend to be exact. Hamilton admits that they were written to amuse rather than to instruct."
  304. ^ Dulck 1989, p. 17. "Souvenirs et biographie sont confondus ..."
  305. ^ a b Saintsbury 1891, pp. 35, line 9. "His works, which, as usual at the time, were known in manuscript for some time before they were printed ..."
  306. ^ a b Corp 2004c, p. 218, line 1. "... they were published anonymously and without authorisation the following year [1713], allegedly at 'Çologne' though probably in reality at Rouen."
  307. ^ Hartmann 1930b, p. 12, line 27. "... it was undoubtedly without the author's knowledge or consent that they were published anonymously in 1713 ..."
  308. ^ Janmart de Brouillant 1888, p. 135: "Mémoires de la vie du comte de Grammont, contenant l'histoire particulièrement amoureuse de la Cour d'Angleterre sous le règne de Charles II. A Cologne, chez Pierre Marteau. M DCC XIII"
  309. ^ Chisholm 1910b, pp.  884, 2nd paragraph, top. "The work was first published anonymously in 1713 under the rubric of Cologne, but it was really printed in Holland at that time the greatest patroness of all questionable authors."
  310. ^ Hartmann 1930b, p. 12, line 12. "... the book has been on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum since 1817."
  311. ^ Brownell 2001, p. 124, line 23. "... Gramont's memoirs were Walpole's 'favourite book', which he [Walpole] 'knew by heart'."
  312. ^ Auger 1805, p. 23. "... en 1772, à Strawberry-Hill, par M. Horace Walpole. Les noms anglois, étrangement défigurés ... se trouvent écrits dans celle-ci selon leur véritable orthographe ..."
  313. ^ Clark 1921, p. 227, line 7. "The Memoirs were, of course, translated into English as soon as they appeared. 1714 saw the translation of Boyer ..."
  314. ^ Clark 1921, p. 227, line 12. "He [Boyer] cautiously avoided giving proper names in most cases, only indicating them by initials ..."
  315. ^ Clark 1921, p. 227, line 18. "The quarto edition of 1793 is the third translation."
  316. ^ Hartmann 1930b, p. 13. "Nevertheless, it held ist sway till 1793, when an entirely new version, ascribed to W. Maddison, appeared."
  317. ^ Goodwin 1908, p. xxx, line 18. "It should be here mentioned that in 1793 Edwards published at the same time as his French edition, an English translation by W. Maddison, embellished with the same portraits."
  318. ^ Clark 1921, p. 227, line 19. "It was revised in 1809, again in 1811, by Sir Walter Scott, it would seem ..."
  319. ^ Clark 1921, p. 227, line 20. "... in 1889 by the late Henry Vizetelly and has come to be the commonly accepted version."
  320. ^ Drabble 1985, p. 409, right column, line 25. "... translated into English (with many errors) by Boyer in 1714; and this translation revised and annotated by Sir W. Scott, was reissued in 1811. A new translation was made in 1930 by Quennell with an introduction and commentary by C. H. Hartmann."
  321. ^ Zipes 2015, p. XXiii. "It was not until the 1690s in France that the fairy tale could establish itself as a 'legitimate' genre for educated classes."
  322. ^ Saintsbury 1892, pp. 322–323. "... towards the close of the century the fairy tale attained, in the hands of Anthony Hamilton, Perrault and Madame d'Aulnoy, its most delightful and abundant development."
  323. ^ Foisset aine 1854, p. 531, left column. "En 1697, notre académicien [Perrault] publia ... des contes des fées ..."
  324. ^ Zipes 2015, p. 359. "The tales in her [L'Héritier's] Œuvres mesles (Assorted Works, 1695) ..."
  325. ^ Jourdain 1856, p. 439, line 48. "Les Mille et une nuits, contes arabes traduits en français, Paris, 1704-1708, 12 vol. in-12 ..."
  326. ^ Saintsbury 1891, pp. 2, line 10. "... the half-burlesque, half-satirical contes of Hamilton ..."
  327. ^ Auger 1805, p. 21. "Nous avons entendu des gens ... se plaindre sérieusement de ce que les contes d'Hamilton étoient remplis d'extravagances."
  328. ^ Rousseau 1968, p. 187. Most of this page is about Hamilton's narration devices.
  329. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 218, line 28. "... Hamilton's four contes had a considerable influence in the eighteenth century, particularly on Claude Crédbillon {fils), who considerred himself as Hamilton's literary heir."
  330. ^ LaHarpe 1813, p. 229. "Il [Hamilton] va plus loin dans Fleur-d'Epine : il y a des traits d'une vérité charmante, et de l'intérêt dans les caractères et les situations. L'objet en est moral, et très-agréablement rempli ;"
  331. ^ Montegut 1862, p. note 1. "... le plus beau conte de fées qu'on ait écrit en France."
  332. ^ Saintsbury 1891, pp. 41, line 32. "In the Contes an entirely new and on the whole a much more satisfactory development of Hamilton's genius begins."
  333. ^ Saintsbury 1891, pp. 43. "... giving probably the best picture in existence of the court of St Germains ..."
  334. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 136, right column, line 8. "4. 'Zénéyde', in which the nymph of the Seine recounts her history, also a fragment."
  335. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 265, line 7. "It is the Duc de Levis who first, in 1812, continued and brought to a close the Quatre Facardins and Zeneyde."
  336. ^ Clark 1921, p. 232, note 4. "Le Bélier was written before Sept., 1705, probably in the early summer of 1705."
  337. ^ Corp 2004c, p. 217, line 17. "Its [the story's] aim was ro furnish a romantic etymology for the new name ... "
  338. ^ Auger 1805, p. 23. "... trouvant le nom de Moulineau trop peu digne d'un lieu qu'elle avoit rendu charmant, elle [Elizabeth] changea ce nom en celui de Pontalie. Hamilton fut chargé ..."
  339. ^ Saint-Simon 1895, pp. 112–113. "Le présent des Moulineaux, cette petite maison ... qu'elle appella Pontalie ..."
  340. ^ Rousseau 1968, p. 186, line 18. "... [Le Bélier] un foisonnement d'inventions aussi cocasses que décousues."
  341. ^ Vizetelly 1889, p. xviii, line 1. "... Voltaire, who reserved, however, his highest praise for the poetical introduction of another of Hamilton's stories, styled 'The Ram' ..."
  342. ^ Voltaire 1880, p. 196. "M. Josse, qui vous rendra ce billet, imprime actuellement le Bélier, de feu M. Hamilton. Il voudrait avoir quelques pièces, fugitives du même auteur."
  343. ^ Clark 1921, p. 251. "Fleur d'Epine is the thousand and first night, the Quatre Facardins the thousand and second."
  344. ^ Hamilton 1812, before page 1. Illiustration for Fleur d'Epine by Jean-Michel Moreau
  345. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 136, right column, line 4. "3. 'Les Quatre Facardins' a fragment in the same style [plus Arabe qu'en Arabie]."
  346. ^ Saintsbury 1891, pp. 48, line 26. "Les Quatre Facardins^ the most ambitious, and to my thinking the best ..."
  347. ^ Richards 1908, p. 119. "The author was Anthony Hamilton (1646–1720), the originator of the celebrated Memoires de la vie du comte de Gramont. The story is entitled L'Enchanteur Faustus, and is printed in most editions of Hamilton's works as the fifth Conte."
  348. ^ Rousseau 1968, p. 186, line 34. "... l'Enchanteur Faustus, défilé de quelques beautés célèbres du temps jadis devant la reine Elisabeth, se prête à un compte rendu."
  349. ^ Clark 1921, p. 139. "... L'Enchanteur Faustus for his niece Margaret Hamilton ..."
  350. ^ Clark 1921, p. 263, line 16. "Zeneyde appeared in 1731 in a volume of Œuvres mêlées ..."
  351. ^ Clark 1921, p. 227, line 25. "Les Mémoires de Grammont are preceded by ... and probably also by L'Enchanteur Faustus ..."
  352. ^ Auger 1805, p. 6, line 17. "Hamilton entretint avec lui [Berwick] une correspondance en prose et en vers ..."
  353. ^ & G. E. C. 1896, p. 216. "He [Stafford] m. [married] there [in France], 3 April 1694, Claude-Charlotte, da. [daughter] of Philibert, Count de Gramont ..."
  354. ^ Chisholm 1910b, pp.  884, 2nd paragraph, final two lines. "In the name of his niece, the countess of Stafford, Hamilton maintained a witty correspondence with Lady Mary Wortley Montagu."
  355. ^ Auger 1805, p. 14. "Hamilton, qui était le secrétaire en titre d'office de la famille du comte de Grammont, écrivit, au nom de madame de Stafford, plusieurs lettres en prose et en vers, qui se trouvent dans ses oeuvres."
  356. ^ Brunet 1883, p. xiii, line 25. "Antoine Hamilton appartenait à une illustre famille écossaise;"
  357. ^ Sayous 1853, p. 221. "... ce comte de Grammont qui a fourni à Antoine Hamilton, l'historien de sa vie, l'occasion ..."
  358. ^ Sainte-Beuve 1904, p. 390, penultimate line. "Antoine Hamilton, one of the most Attic writers of our literature ..."

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