Ann Bradford Stokes

Ann Bradford Stokes (1830–1903) was an American nurse. A former slave, Stokes eventually volunteered in the United States Navy as a nurse on the USS Red Rover in 1863. She is the first American woman to receive a military pension for her own services and was one of the first African American women to serve as a nurse in the Navy.

Biography

Stokes was born in 1830 into slavery as Ann Bradford in Rutherford County, Tennessee.^[1] In January 1863, she had escaped slavery and was taken aboard a ship.^[1] That same month, she volunteered to work as a nurse on the United States Navy hospital ship USS Red Rover where she assisted Sisters of the Holy Cross.^[1]^[2] Stokes was assigned the rank of "first class boy" and was paid for her work.^[3] Stokes worked until October 1864 when she resigned due to exhaustion.^[1]

She married Gilbert Stokes, who had also worked on the Red Rover and they moved to Illinois.^[1] After Gilbert died in 1866, Stokes remarried in 1867 to George Bowman.^[1] She applied for a military pension first based on her marriages in the 1880s, but was turned down.^[1] Later, after learning to read and write, she applied again for a pension based on her own military service and she was granted a pension of $12 a month in 1890.^[1] Not only was Stokes one of the first African American women to serve as a nurse in the US. Navy, but she was also the first American woman to receive a pension for her own service in the military.^[4]

Stokes lived in Belknap, Illinois until she died in 1903.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Slawson, Robert (2011-01-27). "Ann Bradford Stokes (1830-1903)". Black Past. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
^ Arlene W., Keeling (2018). "The Roots of a Profession, 1830-1865". In Keeling, Arlene W.; Hehman, Michelle C.; Kirchegessner, John C. (eds.). History of Professional Nursing in the United States: Toward a Culture of Health. New York: Springer Publishing Company. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8261-3313-7.
^ "Ann Bradford Stokes: From Slavery to Civil War Naval Nurse". Maria Smilios. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
^ Slawson, Robert (2011-01-04). "African Americans in Medicine in the Civil War Era". Black Past. Archived from the original on 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2020-05-09.

[:0-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Slawson, Robert (2011-01-27). "Ann Bradford Stokes (1830-1903)". Black Past. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2020-05-09.

[2] Arlene W., Keeling (2018). "The Roots of a Profession, 1830-1865". In Keeling, Arlene W.; Hehman, Michelle C.; Kirchegessner, John C. (eds.). History of Professional Nursing in the United States: Toward a Culture of Health. New York: Springer Publishing Company. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8261-3313-7.

[3] "Ann Bradford Stokes: From Slavery to Civil War Naval Nurse". Maria Smilios. Retrieved 2020-05-09.

[4] Slawson, Robert (2011-01-04). "African Americans in Medicine in the Civil War Era". Black Past. Archived from the original on 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2020-05-09.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]