Gut–liver Axis and the Impact of Probiotics on Neonatal Jaundice Symptoms: A Review

Neonatal jaundice, which can affect up to ۶۰% of term and ۸۰% of preterm babies, can have a serious detrimental effect on theirhealth. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has a multifaceted aetiology that includes elements related to physiology, isoimmunisation,genetic modification and environmental influences, one of which is dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. The effects of microbiotaon the neonatal bilirubin are little known, which means there is a critical knowledge gap about how they affect a neonate’s bloodbilirubin levels and the delicate biome-host balance. However, several studies carried out on international populations have shownthe effects of probiotics on the treatment of jaundice. This study intends to address this issue, summarise the microbiome alterationsassociated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, explain the pathophysiology underpinnings of these relationships and propose potentialtargets for microbial treatment in this review.