Biofilm formation induction of Enterococcus faecalis in response to subMIC of gentamicin

Background and Objective: Enterococcus faecalis is a normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract that causes infection in the host body under conditions such as biofilmformation, which the use of the antibiotics cause changes in these pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate comprehensively the changes in E.faecalis when exposed to sub-MIC of the gentamicin specially biofilm formation rate.Materials and Methods: For this study, the keywords "Enterococcus faecalis", "Biofilm", and "Gentamicin" in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Sid and MagIran between ۲۰۱۵ and ۲۰۲۱ were searched and ۱۴ articles were chosen, studied and analyzed.Results: Gentamicin significantly had increased biofilm formation in most of the isolates in the studies. Increased expression of the genes (efaA and esp) and proteins involved in biofilm formation and decreased expression of the genes (gelE and cylA) involved in spreading and proteins involved in metabolism and cell division in E.faecalis were the most significant cause of the biofilm formation, which were increased in sub-MIC gentamicin-treated situation.Conclusion: Inadequate use of gentamicin, intensify biofilm formation of E.faecalis, which can make the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium difficult.