The San Joaquin Valley of California stretches from the Tehachapi Mountains north of Los Angeles up to Sacramento. Largely agricultural, the area is some of the most fertile and important farmland in the world.

The cities of the most importance are Bakersfield, Fresno, Stockton, and Modesto. A more complete list of major cities within the San Joaquin Valley would include:

• 35.373333-119.0188891 Bakersfield Third largest city in the central valley. Cattle ranching and petroleum are the major industries in this city, which is very hot in the summer.
• 36.781667-119.7922222 Fresno - The largest city in the Central Valley and home to many major farm corporations and food corporations.
• 37.302222-120.4830563 Merced - Home to the University of California, Merced. Built in 2005, it is the newest and "greenest" UC. The midsize city also boasts an up and coming downtown. There is a small winery scene in the area including Gallo farms and Vista Cellars.
• 37.661389-120.9944444 Modesto- Midsize city with decent food in its downtown.
• 37.9575-121.29255 Stockton - Home to the University of the Pacific and one of America's most diverse cities.
• 37.7405-121.4416 Tracy - Considered a bedroom community for Bay Area commuters and a crossroads for people traveling between Central Valley, Bay Area, and Los Angeles.
• 36.330278-119.29257 Visalia

• The Sierra foothills on the eastern side of the valley have good scenery.

Between the Diablo Range and the Sierra Nevada is the Central Valley. There are two major rivers in the Central Valley, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, and the Central Valley is a good agricultural area. For the tourist, it does not have great sightseeing opportunities or many locations of great historical value; however, the Central Valley's location fairly close to both the Bay Area and the Sierra Nevada Mountains is worth noting.

The main activity in the region is farming, and generally not much else happens, and the valley isn't an important tourist destination. But driving the through the region, especially on country roads, can be a wonderful and enjoyable experience.

While most of the land is treeless, there are a few preserves that are scattered through the Central Valley where woodlands can be found.

English, Spanish, Punjabi, and Tagalog are spoken in the San Joaquin Valley. It's helpful to know a little of each, as many people speak only one or the other. Punjabi and Tagalog are widely spoken by Indian and Filipino immigrants in major cities; the large number of Mexicans who work on the various farms — and related industries — mean that Spanish is widely spoken throughout the valley.

However, you're still in the United States, so in most places you're likely to visit as an ordinary traveler, knowing just English should get you along fine.

This is a car-based area. Some public transit is available in the form of buses, but they are highly inefficient. Taxi and ride share services are available by reservation and can get expensive.

Distances are large. Even crossing the San Joaquin Valley is a long drive; driving along either of the freeways north or south through the valley is a long, boring drive, with few interesting sights along these highways themselves.

The Central Valley can get very foggy in winter, making driving extremely dangerous with visibility of 100 feet (30 m) and less. On the faster highways, such as Interstate 5 and State Route 99, the fog can turn small accidents into smash-ups of dozens of cars.

Gang activity is quite common in the larger cities. Avoid being out alone after dark, and avoid wearing solid red or solid blue, as these are gang colors and may make you a target.

San Joaquin cities such as Bakersfield, Fresno, Visalia, Merced, and Modesto have poor air quality. In fact, all of these cities rank among the top 15 smoggiest cities in the U.S. Summer temperatures can soar above 110°F (45°C), even in the hills. Drink plenty of water; heat strokes and dehydration are very common during the summer.

Also, the Sierra Nevada and Coastal Ranges are nearby, and wildfires are fairly common in these ranges. The smoke — and even the fires themselves — can spread into the valley, especially from the Sierra Nevada, greatly worsening the air quality to smog conditions. While these fires typically occur in the mountains either east or west of the valley during late summer, they can happen at any time of year.

• Sacramento Valley and the Gold Country are to the north.
• Sierra Nevada, to the east, is one of the highest mountain ranges in the U.S. Popular destinations in the mountain range include Yosemite National Park and Lake Tahoe.
• The Central Coast is to the west.
• Surprise, surprise — Southern California to the south. This is the location of Los Angeles and San Diego.