U.2

U.2 (pronounced 'u-dot-2'^[1]), using the port SFF-8639, is a computer interface standard for connecting solid-state drives (SSDs) to a computer. It covers the physical connector, electrical characteristics, and communication protocols.

It was developed for the enterprise market and designed to be used with new PCI Express drives (NVM Express) along with SAS and SATA drives. It uses up to four PCI Express lanes and two SATA lanes.

The Enterprise SSD form factor was developed by the SSD Form Factor Working Group (SFFWG). The specification was released on December 20, 2011, as a mechanism for providing PCI Express connections to SSDs for the enterprise market. Goals included being usable in existing 2.5" and 3.5" form factors, to be hot swappable and to allow legacy SAS and SATA drives to be mixed using the same connector family.^[2]

In June 2015, the SFFWG announced that the connector was being renamed to U.2.^[3]

The U.2 connector is mechanically identical to the SATA Express device plug, but provides four PCI Express lanes through a different usage of available pins.^[4][5]

U.2 devices may be connected to an M.2 port using an adapter.^[6]

In November 2015, Intel introduced the 750 series SSD which is available in both PCI Express and U.2 variants.^[7]

Since then, U.2 has achieved a high level of support from the major storage vendors and storage appliance suppliers.

U.2 can use 3.3 V, 5 V and 12 V for power,^[8] while M.2 only supports 3.3 V.

While the U.2 standard does not imply a form factor of the device that uses it, in practice U.2 is used only on 2.5" SSDs. 2.5" drives are physically larger than M.2 drives and thus typically have larger capacities.

U.3 (SFF-TA-1001) is built on the U.2 spec and uses the same SFF-8639 connector. A single "tri-mode" (PCIe/SATA/SAS) backplane receptacle can handle all three types of connections; the controller automatically detects the type of connection used. This is unlike U.2, where users need to use separate controllers for SATA/SAS and NVMe. U.3 devices are required to be backwards-compatible with U.2 hosts. U.2 devices are not compatible and cannot be used with U.3 hosts.^[9]

• EDSFF – U.2 successor
• Hard disk drive
• M.2