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Walt Disney Pictures

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the live-action production studio. For the parent company and film production studio, see Walt Disney Studios (division). For the distribution division, see Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Walt Disney Pictures
Formerly
  • Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio (1923–1926)
  • Walt Disney Studio
  • (1926–1929)
  • Walt Disney Productions
  • (1929–1983)
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryFilm
Founded
  • October 16, 1923; 101 years ago (1923-10-16) (as Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio)
  • April 1, 1983; 41 years ago (1983-04-01) (as Walt Disney Pictures)
Headquarters500 South Buena Vista Street,
Burbank, California
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsMotion pictures
ParentWalt Disney Studios
Websitemovies.disney.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

Walt Disney Pictures[2] is an American film production company and subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of Disney Entertainment, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company. The studio is the flagship producer of live-action feature films and animation within the Walt Disney Studios unit, and is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. Animated films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios are also released under the studio banner. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributes and markets the films produced by Walt Disney Pictures.

Disney began producing live-action films in the 1950s. The live-action division became Walt Disney Pictures in 1983, when Disney reorganized its entire studio division; which included the separation from the feature animation division and the subsequent creation of Touchstone Pictures. At the end of that decade, combined with Touchstone's output, Walt Disney Pictures elevated Disney to one of Hollywood's major film studios.

Walt Disney Pictures is currently one of five live-action film studios within the Walt Disney Studios, alongside Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios, and Searchlight Pictures. Inside Out 2 is the studio's highest-grossing release overall with $1.6 billion,[3] and Pirates of the Caribbean is the studio's most successful commercial film series, with five films earning a total of over $4.5 billion in worldwide box office gross.

History

[edit]

Predecessor unit

[edit]
See also: The Walt Disney Company § History

The studio's predecessor (and the modern-day The Walt Disney Company's as a whole) was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, by filmmaker Walt Disney and his business partner and brother, Roy, in 1923.

Used from 1929 to 1937.

The creation of Mickey Mouse and subsequent short films and merchandise generated revenue for the studio which was renamed as The Walt Disney Studio at the Hyperion Studio in 1926.[4] In 1929, it was renamed again to Walt Disney Productions. The studio's streak of success continued in the 1930s, culminating with the 1937 release of the first feature-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which becomes a huge financial success.[5] With the profits from Snow White, Walt relocated to a third studio in Burbank, California.[6]

In the 1940s, Disney began experimenting with full-length live-action films, with the introduction of hybrid live action-animated films such as The Reluctant Dragon (1941) and Song of the South (1946).[7] That same decade, the studio began producing nature documentaries with the release of Seal Island (1948), the first of the True-Life Adventures series and a subsequent Academy Award winner for Best Live-Action Short Film.[8][9]

Walt Disney Productions had its first fully live-action film in 1950 with the release of Treasure Island, considered by Disney to be the official conception for what would eventually evolve into the modern-day Walt Disney Pictures.[10] By 1953, the company ended their agreements with such third-party distributors as RKO Radio Pictures and United Artists and formed their own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution.[11] By the 1950s, the company had purchased the rights to his work of L. Frank Baum.[12]

1980s–2000s

[edit]
The wordmark for Walt Disney Pictures used in marketing their films from 1986 to 1998. It was also used for Pixar films from 1995 to 2007.

The live-action division of Walt Disney Productions was incorporated as Walt Disney Pictures on April 1, 1983, to diversify film subjects and expand audiences for their film releases.[13] In April 1983, Richard Berger was hired by Disney CEO Ron W. Miller as film president. Touchstone Films was started by Miller in February 1984 as a label for the studio's PG-13 and R-rated films with an expected half of Disney's yearly 6-to-8-movie slate, which would be released under the label.[14] That same year, newly named Disney CEO Michael Eisner pushed out Berger, replacing him with Eisner's own film chief from Paramount Pictures, Jeffrey Katzenberg.[15] and Frank Wells from Warner Bros. Pictures. Touchstone and Hollywood Pictures were formed within that unit on February 15, 1984, and February 1, 1989, respectively.[16]

The Touchstone Films banner was used by then new Disney CEO Michael Eisner in the 1984–1985 television season with the short lived western, Wildside. In the next season, Touchstone produced a hit in The Golden Girls.[17]

David Hoberman was promoted to president of production at Walt Disney Pictures in April 1988.[18] In April 1994, Hoberman was promoted to president of motion picture production at Walt Disney Studios and David Vogel was appointed as Walt Disney Pictures president.[19] The following year, however Hoberman resigned from the company, and instead began a production deal with Disney and his newly formed production company, Mandeville Films.[19] In addition to Walt Disney Pictures, Vogel added the head position of Hollywood Pictures in 1997, while Donald De Line remained as head of Touchstone.[20] Vogel was then promoted in 1998 to the head of Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group, the newly formed division that oversaw all live-action production within the Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone, and Hollywood labels.[21][22] The move was orchestrated by Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth, as an effort to scale back and consolidate the studio's film production.[22] As a result of the restructuring, De Line resigned.[23]

The wordmark for Walt Disney Pictures used in marketing their films from 1998 to 2007.

That same year, Nina Jacobson became executive vice-president of live-action production for Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group.[24] Jacobson remained under this title until May 1999, when Vogel resigned from the company, and Jacobson was appointed by Roth to the role of president of production.[25][22] During her tenure, Jacobson oversaw the production of films at Walt Disney Pictures, including Pirates of the Caribbean, The Chronicles of Narnia, Bridge to Terabithia, National Treasure, Remember the Titans, and The Princess Diaries, and was responsible for establishing a first-look deal with Jerry Bruckheimer Films.[26][27] In 2006, Jacobson was fired by studio chairman Dick Cook, and replaced with by Oren Aviv, the head of marketing.[26][28] In July 2007, Disney CEO Bob Iger banned the depiction of smoking and tobacco products from Walt Disney Pictures films.[29]

Walt Disney Pictures logo used from 2006 to 2011.

After two films based on Disney theme park attractions,[30][31][32] Walt Disney Pictures selected it as a source of a line of films starting with The Country Bears (2002) and The Haunted Mansion and Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (both 2003).[33] The latter film—the first film produced by the studio to receive a PG-13 rating—began a film series that was followed by four sequels, with the franchise taking in more than $5.4 billion worldwide from 2003 to 2017.[30][34] On January 12, 2010, Aviv stepped down as the studio's president of live-action production.[35]

2010s–present

[edit]

In January 2010, Sean Bailey was appointed the studio's president of live-action production, replacing Aviv.[36][1] Bailey had produced Tron: Legacy for the studio, which was released later that same year.[36] Under Bailey's leadership and with support from then Disney CEO Bob Iger—and later studio chairman Alan Horn—Walt Disney Pictures pursued a tent-pole film strategy, which included an expanded slate of original and adaptive large-budget tentpole films. Beginning in 2011, the studio simplified the branding in its production logo and marquee credits to just "Disney".[37] Concurrently, Disney was struggling with PG-13 tentpole films outside of the Pirates of the Caribbean series, with films such as John Carter (2012) and The Lone Ranger (2013) becoming some of the biggest box-office bombs of all time. However, the studio had found particular success with live-action fantasy adaptations of properties associated with their animated films, which began with the commercial success of Alice in Wonderland (2010), that became the second billion-dollar-grossing film in the studio's history.[38] With the continued success of Maleficent (2014) and Cinderella (2015), the studio saw the potential in these fantasy adaptations and officiated a trend of similar films, which followed with The Jungle Book (2016) and Beauty and the Beast (2017).[39][1] In March 2015, Iger expanded the studio's smoking and tobacco prohibition to include all films released by the studio—including PG-13 rated films and below—unless such depictions are historically pertinent.[40]

Despite the acclaim and commercial success of several smaller-budgeted genre films throughout the 2010s, such as The Muppets (2011), Saving Mr. Banks (2013), and Into the Woods (2014), Walt Disney Pictures shifted its production model entirely on tent-pole films as they had found that a majority of the smaller genre films were becoming financially unsustainable in the theatrical market.[1][41][42] By July 2016, Disney had announced development of nearly eighteen films consisting of sequels to existing adaptations, origin stories and prequels.[39][43]

In 2017, The Walt Disney Company announced it was creating its own streaming service platform.[44] The new service, known as Disney+, would feature original programming created by the company's vast array of film and television production studios, including Walt Disney Pictures.[45] As part of this new distribution platform, Bailey and Horn confirmed that Walt Disney Pictures would renew development on smaller-budgeted genre films that the studio had previously stopped producing for the theatrical exhibition market a few years prior.[46][47][42] In 2018, nine films were announced to be in production or development for the service.[48] These films would be budgeted between $20 million and $60 million.[46] The studio was expected to produce approximately 3–4 films per year exclusively for Disney+, alongside its theatrical tentpole slate.[47] Disney+ was launched on November 12, 2019, in the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands, with subsequent international expansions.[45] Within the first two months of the service's launch, Walt Disney Pictures had released three films (Lady and the Tramp, Noelle, and Togo) exclusively for Disney+.[42]

On March 12, 2020, 20th Century Family president Vanessa Morrison was named president of live-action development and production of streaming content for both Disney and 20th Century Studios, reporting directly to Bailey. That same day, Philip Steuer and Randi Hiller were also appointed as president of the studio's physical, post-production and VFX, and executive vice president for casting, respectively–overseeing these functions for both Walt Disney Pictures and 20th Century Studios.[49] In 2023, Walt Disney Pictures celebrated its centennial alongside Walt Disney Animation Studios and their corporate parent company as a whole.[50] That same year, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny marked the studio's first official co-production with Lucasfilm.[51]

On February 26, 2024, Disney announced a leadership change, with Bailey stepping down as president and replaced by David Greenbaum, who formerly co-led Searchlight Pictures. Greenbaum will lead Walt Disney Pictures and co-lead 20th Century Studios with current 20th Century president Steve Asbell.[52]

[edit]
See also: Disney logo § Walt Disney Pictures

Until 1983, instead of a traditional production logo, the opening credits of Disney films used to feature a title card that read "Walt Disney Presents", and later, "Walt Disney Productions Presents".[53]

Beginning with the release of Return to Oz in 1985, Walt Disney Pictures introduced its fantasy castle logo. The version with its accompanying music premiered with The Black Cauldron.[53] The logo was created by Walt Disney Productions in traditional animation and featured a white silhouette of Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle against a blue background, with the studio's name in Walt Disney’s signature style and underscored by "When You Wish Upon a Star", in arrangement composed by John Debney.[54] A short rendition of the logo was used as a closing logo as well as in the movie Return to Oz, although the film was released months before The Black Cauldron was released. An animated RenderMan variant appeared before every Pixar Animation Studios film from Toy Story until Ratatouille, featuring an original fanfare composed by Randy Newman, based on the opening score cue from Toy Story, called "Andy's Birthday". Beginning with Dinosaur (2000), an alternative logo featuring an orange castle and logo against a black background, was occasionally presented with darker tone and live-action films, though a few animated films such as Brother Bear, the 2003 re-release of The Lion King and The Wild (the final film to use this logo) used this logo.

In 2006, the studio's vanity card logo was updated with the release of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest at the behest of then-Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook and studio marketing president Oren Aviv.[54] Designed by Disney animation director Mike Gabriel and producer Baker Bloodworth, the modernized logo was created completely in computer animation by Wētā FX and yU+co and featured a 3D Walt Disney logo. The final rendering of the logo was done by Cameron Smith and Cyrese Parrish.[55] In addition, the revamped logo includes visual references to Pinocchio, Dumbo, Cinderella, Peter Pan and Mary Poppins, and its redesigned castle incorporates elements from both the Cinderella Castle and the Sleeping Beauty Castle, as well as fireworks and Walt Disney's family crest on the flag.[56] Mark Mancina wrote a new composition and arrangement of "When You Wish Upon a Star" to accompany the 2006 logo.[54] It was co-arranged and orchestrated by David Metzger. In 2011, starting with The Muppets, the sequence was modified to truncate the "Walt Disney Pictures" branding to "Disney", which has mainly been used originally in home media releases in 2007.[57] The new logo sequence has been consistently modified for high-profile releases including Tron: Legacy, Maleficent, Tomorrowland, The Jungle Book, and Beauty and the Beast.

The current on-screen logo of Walt Disney Pictures, introduced in 2022 for the studio's 100th anniversary in 2023. The standard version, pictured here, debuted in 2024 on the official trailer for Inside Out 2.

In 2022, a new vanity card logo was introduced for the studio's 100th anniversary in 2023, which premiered at the 2022 D23 Expo. The new castle logo features an updated opening sequence in computer animation created by Industrial Light & Magic and an arrangement of "When You Wish Upon a Star" composed by Christophe Beck and conducted by Tim Davies. The magical arc that usually flies from right to left above the castle now flies from left to right.[58] A byline appeared below the Disney100 logo during the studio's 100th anniversary in 2023, reading "100 Years of Wonder", which was later removed starting with Chang Can Dunk but returned with the international prints of Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny in theaters. While containing the same visual references as the previous logo, new references added to it include Pocahontas, Up, Hercules, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, The Little Mermaid, Tangled, Brave and Beauty and the Beast, with the addition of Disneyland's Matterhorn from Third Man on the Mountain and Pride Rock from The Lion King in the background beyond the castle. Its first film appearance was with the release of Strange World.[59] The logo received widespread praise from critics and audiences and won Gold in the "Theatrical | Film: Design" medium at the 2023 Clio Entertainment Awards in November 2023. The standard version was unveiled on the "Disney" hub of the Disney+ app on December 23, 2023 and made its official debut in 2024 on the second trailer for Inside Out 2, with the full version premiering on the documentary film The Beach Boys.[60]

Film library

[edit]
Main article: List of Walt Disney Pictures films

The studio's first live-action film was Treasure Island (1950). Animated films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar are also released by Walt Disney Pictures. The studio has released four films that have received an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination: Mary Poppins (1964), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Up (2009), and Toy Story 3 (2010).[61]

Film series and franchises

[edit]
See also: Walt Disney Animation Studios § Franchises, and Pixar § Franchises
Titles Release dates Notes
Davy Crockett 1955–1956 Originally edited from TV mini series episodes which originally aired on Disneyland
Old Yeller 1957–1963
The Shaggy Dog 1959–2006 Co-production with Mandeville Films, Tollin/Robbins Productions, Boxing Cat Films, Robert Simonds Productions, and Shaggy Dog Productions
The Absent-Minded Professor 1961–1997 Co-production with Great Oaks Entertainment
The Parent Trap 1961–present
The Incredible Journey 1963–1996
Mary Poppins 1964–2018 Co-production with Lucamar Productions and Marc Platt Productions
Herbie 1969–2005 Co-production with Robert Simonds Productions
Dexter Riley 1969–1975
Witch Mountain 1975–2009 Co-production with Gunn Films
The Apple Dumpling Gang 1975–1982
Freaky Friday 1976–present Co-production with Gunn Films
Tron 1982–present Co-production with Lisberger/Kushner Productions and Sean Bailey Productions
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids 1989–present Co-production with Silver Screen Partners and Touchwood Pacific Partners
Turner & Hooch 1989–present Co-production with Silver Screen Partners
White Fang 1991–1994 Co-production with Silver Screen Partners and Hybrid Productions, Inc.
The Mighty Ducks 1992–present Co-production with Avnet-Kerner Productions and Touchwood Pacific Partners
Sister Act Co-production with Touchwood Pacific Partners
The Muppets Co-production with The Jim Henson Company, Mandeville Films and The Muppets Studio
Hocus Pocus 1993–present Co-production with David Kirschner Productions
The Santa Clause 1994–present Co-production with Hollywood Pictures, Outlaw Productions, and Boxing Cat films (sequels)
George of the Jungle 1997–2003 Co-production with Avnet-Kerner Productions, Mandeville Films, and The Kerner Entertainment Company
Inspector Gadget 1999–2003 Co-production with Caravan Pictures, DIC Entertainment, Avnet-Kerner Productions, Roger Birnbaum Productions, and The Kerner Entertainment Company
The Princess Diaries 2001–present Co-production with BrownHouse Productions, Shondaland, and Martin Chase Productions
Pirates of the Caribbean 2003–present Co-production with Jerry Bruckheimer Films
Haunted Mansion Co-production with Rideback
National Treasure 2004–present Co-production with Jerry Bruckheimer Films, Junction Entertainment and Saturn Films
The Chronicles of Narnia 2005–2008 Co-production with Walden Media; third film produced by 20th Century Studios
Enchanted 2007–2022 Co-production with Right Coast Productions, Josephson Entertainment and Andalasia Productions
Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2008–2012 Co-production with Mandeville Films,
The Last Warrior 2017–present Co-production with Yellow, Black & White
Stargirl 2020–2022 Co-production with Gotham Group and Hahnscape Entertainment
Jungle Cruise 2021–present Co-production with Davis Entertainment, Seven Bucks Productions and Flynn Picture Company
Diary of a Wimpy Kid Co-production with 20th Century Animation and Bardel Entertainment; original live-action films produced by 20th Century Studios
Ice Age 2022 Co-production with 20th Century Animation; original films produced by 20th Century Studios and Blue Sky Studios
Cheaper by the Dozen Co-production with Khalabo Ink Society; original films produced by 20th Century Studios
Night at the Museum Co-production with 21 Laps Entertainment, Alibaba Pictures and Atomic Cartoons; original films produced by 20th Century Studios
Indiana Jones 2023-present Co-production with Lucasfilm[62]

Highest-grossing films

[edit]

Walt Disney Pictures has produced five live-action films that have grossed over $1 billion at the worldwide box office: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006), Alice in Wonderland (2010), Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011), Beauty and the Beast (2017) and Aladdin (2019);[1][63] and has released nine animated films that have reached that milestone: Toy Story 3 (2010), Frozen (2013), Zootopia, Finding Dory (both 2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), Toy Story 4, The Lion King, Frozen II (three in 2019), and Inside Out 2 (2024).

† Indicates films playing in theatres in the week commencing 22 November 2024.
Highest-grossing films in North America[64]
Rank Title Year Box office gross
1 Inside Out 2 2024 $652,980,194
2 Incredibles 2 2018 $608,581,744
3 The Lion King 2019 $543,638,043
4 Beauty and the Beast 2017 $504,481,165
5 Finding Dory 2016 $486,131,416
6 Frozen II 2019 $477,373,578
7 Toy Story 3 2010 $434,038,008
8 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest 2006 $423,315,812
9 The Lion King‡ 1994 $424,979,720
10 Toy Story 4 2019 $415,004,880
11 Frozen 2013 $400,738,009
12 Finding Nemo‡ 2003 $380,843,261
13 The Jungle Book 2016 $364,001,123
14 Aladdin 2019 $355,559,216
15 Inside Out 2015 $356,002,827
16 Zootopia 2016 $342,268,248
17 Alice in Wonderland 2010 $334,191,110
18 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End 2007 $309,420,425
19 Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl 2003 $305,413,918
20 The Little Mermaid 2023 $296,908,134
21 Up 2009 $293,004,164
22 The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 2005 $291,710,957
23 Monsters, Inc.‡ 2001 $289,916,256
24 Toy Story 2‡ 1999 $276,554,625
25 Monsters University 2013 $268,492,764
Highest-grossing films worldwide
Rank Title Year Box office gross
1 Inside Out 2 2024 $1,697,092,880
2 The Lion King 2019 $1,656,943,394
3 Frozen II 2019 $1,450,026,933
4 Frozen 2013 $1,280,802,282
5 Beauty and the Beast 2017 $1,266,115,964
6 Incredibles 2 2018 $1,243,805,359
7 Toy Story 4 2019 $1,073,394,593
8 Toy Story 3 2010 $1,067,171,911
9 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest 2006 $1,066,179,725
10 Aladdin 2019 $1,054,304,000
11 Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 2011 $1,045,713,802
12 Finding Dory 2016 $1,029,473,532
13 Alice in Wonderland 2010 $1,025,467,110
14 Zootopia 2016 $1,024,641,447
15 The Lion King‡ 1994 $979,046,652
16 The Jungle Book 2016 $966,550,600
17 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End 2007 $963,420,425
18 Finding Nemo‡ 2003 $940,335,536
19 Inside Out 2015 $857,675,046
20 Coco 2017 $807,139,032
21 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales $794,826,541
22 Maleficent 2014 $758,410,378
23 The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 2005 $745,013,115
24 Monsters University 2013 $744,229,437
25 Up 2009 $735,099,082

‡—Includes theatrical reissue(s).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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